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Chart showing how the CPT shuttle system transports palmitoyl-CoA into the mitochondria. The carnitine shuttle system includes CPT1A, CACT, and CPT2. Mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) is started by the successive actions of CPT1A (in the outer membrane) and CPT2 (in the inner membrane), together with a carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase (CACT).
