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. 2023 Mar 23;14:866407. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2023.866407

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Copyright © 2023 Arrieta-Bolaños, Hernández-Zaragoza and Barquera.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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PCoA scatterplots based on HLA class I frequencies correlate with population geographic location. (A–C). Population scatterplots for the PCoA case scores based on Euclidean distances calculated on 50 HLA-A and HLA-B allele group frequencies in 200 worldwide populations are plotted for the first (29.14% of variation), second (18.48%), and third (10.30%), components. A cardinal rose is included to guide pseudo-cardinal directions in b. Population samples are depicted according to their geographic continental classification. AUS, Australia; EUR, Europe; NAF, North Africa; NAM, North America; NEA, Northeast Asia; OCE, Oceania; SAM, South America; SEA, Southeast Asia; SWA, Southwest Asia; SSA, Sub-Saharan Africa.