Table 1.
Patient characteristics and demographics.
| ASD with hikikomori | ASD without hikikomori | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Student's t-test, | ||
| Variables | N = 16 | N = 23 | U-test, or χ2 | P -value |
| Age (range) | 37.4 [23-57] | 33 [20-48] | t = −1.4 | 0.15 |
| Autism spectrum quotient (AQ) | ||||
| AQ-J | 36.3 (6.0) | 33.2 (6.0) | t = −1.59 | 0.12 |
| Social skills | 8.6 (1.5) | 7.4 (2.5) | U = 234 | 0.16 |
| Attention switching | 7.19 (1.6) | 7.1 (1.6) | t = −0.19 | 0.85 |
| Attention to details | 6.19 (2.1) | 5.8 (2.7) | t = −0.47 | 0.66 |
| Communication | 7.75 (1.8) | 6.7 (2.6) | t = −1.43 | 0.19 |
| Imagination | 6.6 (1.9) | 6.1 (1.8) | t = −0.71 | 0.48 |
| Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) | ||||
| Communication | 3.2 (1.2) | 3.8 (1.1) | t = 1.24 | 0.22 |
| Reciprocal social interaction | 7.2 (1.1) | 6.7 (1.9) | U = 84.5 | 0.67 |
| Communication and RSI Total | 10.4 (2.1) | 10.5 (2.7) | t = 0.28 | 0.98 |
| Imagination/Creativity | 0.8 (0.8) | 1.1 (1.4) | t = 0.77 | 0.45 |
| Stereotyped behaviors and restricted interests | 0.4 (1.0) | 0.7 (0.9) | t = 0.51 | 0.62 |
| WAIS-III | ||||
| VIQ | 107 (16.6) | 107.1 (9.7) | U = 180 | 0.66 |
| PIQ | 93.6 (19.5) | 95.3 (15.8) | t = 0.28 | 0.77 |
| FIQ | 101.1 (18.9) | 101.4 (12.0) | U = 183 | 0.59 |
| Education level | ||||
| Bachelor's degree or higher | 7 (43.5%) | 14 (62%) | χ2 = 1.1 | P = 0.34 |
| Other (high school, less than high school, college) | 9 (56.5%) | 9 (38%) | ||
| Cohabitaion | ||||
| Living alone | 7 (43%) | 8 (35%) | χ2 = 0.03 | 0.86 |
| Not living alone | 9 (57%) | 15 (65%) | ||
| Household income/year | ||||
| Below 2.5 million | 8 (50%) | 10 (43%) | χ2 = 0.16 | P = 0.75 |
| Above 2.5 million | 8 (50%) | 13 (57%) | ||
| Atopic dermatitis | N = 8 (50%) | N = 4 (17%) | χ2 = 6.4 | 0.01 |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 24.8 (5.6) | 23.5 (4.6) | t = −0.80 | 0.43 |
| Alcohol consumption | N = 4 (25%) | N = 8 (35%) | χ2 = 0.42 | 0.52 |
BMI, body mass index.