Table 5.
Type of antibody measured, units of measure and assays.
| Author | Antibodies measured | Unit of measure | Assay |
|---|---|---|---|
| Caillard | Anti-spike IgG | WHO BAU/mL | NR |
| Karaba | Antinucleocapsid antibody (anti-N), anti- RBD Protein, anti-S immunoglobulin IgG ACE2 neutralizing antibodies | WHO BAU/mL | Multiplex chemiluminescent Meso Scale Diagnostics (MSD, Rockville, MD) V-PLEX COVID-19 Respiratory Panel 3 Kit and ACE2 MSD V-PLEX SARS-CoV-2 ACE2 Panel 23 Kit |
| Kamar | Anti-spike total antibody concentration | WHO BAU/mL | Wantai enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test |
| Teles | Anti-RBD Protein Ig | U/mL | Roche Elecsys immunoassay |
| Mitchell | Anti-RBD Protein Ig Anti-S1 domain of the spike protein | AU/mL | Roche Elecsys immunoassay and EUROIMMUN Anti-SARS-CoV-2 enzyme immunoassay |
| Osmanodja | Anti-spike protein S1 IgG Anti-RBD Protein Ig | Serological response rate | EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG and Roche Elecsys immunoassay |
| Aikawa | Total IgG against the SARS-CoV-2 S1 and S2 protein Circulating NAb | AU/mL | Chemiluminescent immunoassay on the ETI-MAX-3000, LIAISON SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG kit, DiaSorin SARS-CoV-2 sVNT kit GenScript |
| Mrak | Anti-RBD Protein Ig Anti-S1 domain of the spike protein | BAU/ml | Roche Elecsys immunoassay |
| Ntanasis-Stathopoulos | antibody-mediated reduction of SARS-CoV-2 RBD binding to the human host receptor angiotensin converting enzyme type 2 | Serological response rate | cPass SARS-CoV-2 Nabs Detection Kit (GenScript, Piscataway, NJ) |
| Perrier | Anti-RBD Protein Ig | BAU/ml | Wantai SARS-CoV-2 Ab ELISA (Beijing Wantaï Biological PharmacyEnterprise), VIDAS SARS CoV-2 IgG II ELF Aassay (Biomérieux), Alinityi SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quantassay (Abbott), Elecsysanti-SARS CoV-2 S assay (Roche Diagnostics) Atellica sCOVG IgG assay (Siemens Healthineers). |
| Assawasaksakul | Anti-RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein | AU/ml | SARS-CoV-2IgG II Quant assay (Abbott Diagnostics) |
| Gössi | Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies binding to S1 and S2 antigens | AU/ml | automated immunoassay analyzer Liaison® XL by DiaSorin, Saluggia, Italy |
| Harberts | Anti-RBD Protein Ig | AU/ml | Roche Elecsys immunoassay |
| Benjamini | (IgG), aimed at the SARS-CoV-2 S protein receptor–binding domain (RBD) | BAU/mL | SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant (AbbottLaboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois), |
| Midtvedt | Anti-SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan) receptor-binding domain (RBD) binding-(x-axis) and neutralizing-antibodies | BAU/mL | NR |
| Peled | SARS-CoV-2 anti-RBD IgGantibodies; IgG against sublineage B.1 of the wild-type virus, the B.1.617.2(delta) variant and the B.1.1.529(omicron) variant | AU/ml | SARS-CoV-2 IgGIIQuant assay, Abbott, USA and live virus microneutralization assays |
| Thomson | Antibodies to nucleocapsid protein (anti-NP) | BAU/mL | Abbott Architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG 2 step chemiluminescent immunoassay (CMIA) |
| Busà | IgG antibodies against S1 and S2 fragments of the Spike protein | BAU/mL | Chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) LIAISON® Trimeric SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG (DiaSorin S.p.A., Saluggia, VC, Italy) |
| Brandstetter | Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies directed against the receptor binding domain of the S1 subunit of the spike (S) protein | BAU/mL | SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assay (Abbott Ireland Diagnostics Division, Sligo, Ireland) |
| Hod | IgG antibodies to the RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein | AU/ml | SARS-CoV-2 IgGIIQuantassay, Abbott, USA and live virus microneutralization assays |
| Bjorlykke | IgG antibodies to the RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein | BAU/mL | In-house bead-based method validated against a micro-neutralization assay at the Department of Immunology at Oslo University Hospital |
| Lamacchia | Evaluation of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibodies, including the anti-spike-specific (in trimeric form) IgGs, anti-spike RBD-specific IgGs, anti-spike-specific IgMs, anti-nucleoprotein-specific IgGs, and neutralizing antibodies that block the binding of spike protein with the ACE2 receptor | BAU/ml | chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) LIAISON® Trimeric SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG (DiaSorin S.p.A., Saluggia, VC, Italy), SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant (Abbott Rome, Italy), test for neutralizing antibodies that block the binding of spike protein with the ACE2 receptor (Dia.Pro Diagnostic Bioprobes, Milan, Italy) |
| Affeldt | IgG antibodies to the RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, antibodies targeting additional regions of the spike protein, IgG against the S1 region | BAU/ml | Chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant by Abbott on the automated system Alinity I (Abbott, Abbott Park, IL, USA), (CLIA) LIAISON® SARS-CoV-2 TrimericS IgG assay by DiaSorin, Euroimmun anti-SARS-CoV-2-QuantiVac-ELISA (Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay) |
| Davidov | Serum titers of IgG antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD | BAU/mL | SARS-CoV-2 IgGIIQuant assay, Abbott, USA and live virus microneutralization assays |
BAU, basal antibody units; NR, not reported; NA, not assessed; WHO, World Health Organization; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; Ab, antibody; RBD, Receptor Binding Domain; U, unit; AU, antibody units, ELU, Elisa laboratory units; Nab, neutralizing antibodies.