Table 2.

Characteristics and treatment of UTIs in patients with IAI and after cessation of IAI.

	IAI, n (%)	No IAI, n (%)	OR (95% CI)	P value
New-onset LUTS	122/169 (72.2)	87/99 (87.9)	0.43 (0.16–1.18)	0.10
Fever	30/207 (14.5)	14/116 (12.1)	1.23 (0.45–3.34)	0.68
UTI caused by classic GNR	101/164 (61.6)	75/102 (73.5)	0.66 (0.31–1.43)	0.29
UTI caused by enterococci	26/164 (15.9)	5/102 (4.9)	4.45 (1.40–12.88)	0.01
MDRO (including ESBL)	22/155 (14.2)	18/99 (18.2)	0.78 (0.28–2.19)	0.64
Hospital admission	30/206 (14.6)	10/116 (8.6)	1.09 (0.34–3.56)	0.88
Necessity for systemic (oral/IV) antibiotics	155/206 (75.2)	107/116 (92.2)	0.33 (0.13–0.86)	0.02

E. coli, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae were defined as classic Gram-negative rods. Missing data: new-onset LUTS (n = 55), hospital admission (n = 1), necessity for systemic antibiotics (n = 1). In 54 UTI episodes, no urine culture was performed. ORs were calculated using a logistic mixed effects model with a varying intercept per patient. GNR, Gram-negative rods; LUTS, lower urinary tract symptoms; MDRO, multidrug-resistant organism; UTI, urinary tract infection.