Table 2. Associations of Incidence of Depression and Anxiety With Exposure to Air Pollution Score.
| Quartile | Model 1a | Model 2b | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Depression, 0.32 (95% CI, 0.31-0.32) cases per 100 person-yearsc | ||||
| Quartiled | ||||
| 1 | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| 2 | 1.13 (1.08-1.19) | <.001 | 1.08 (1.02-1.14) | .004 |
| 3 | 1.31 (1.24-1.37) | <.001 | 1.17 (1.11-1.24) | <.001 |
| 4 | 1.44 (1.37-1.52) | <.001 | 1.16 (1.09-1.23) | <.001 |
| Anxiety, 0.39 (95% CI, 0.38-0.40) cases per 100 person-yearse | ||||
| Quartiled | ||||
| 1 | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| 2 | 1.12 (1.07-1.18) | <.001 | 1.09 (1.04-1.14) | <.001 |
| 3 | 1.21 (1.16-1.27) | <.001 | 1.14 (1.08-1.19) | <.001 |
| 4 | 1.26 (1.20-1.32) | <.001 | 1.11 (1.05-1.17) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; NA, not applicable.
a
Model 1 was adjusted for age, sex, and assessment center.
b
Model 2 was further adjusted for ethnicity, length of time at residence, Townsend deprivation index, education level, employment status, 24-hour weighted average noise, and proximity to major roads (main model).
c
Actual incidence rates of depression adjusted for age, sex, and assessment center.
d
Quartile 1, less than −0.6; quartile 2, −0.6 to −0.1; quartile 3, −0.1 to 0.5; quartile 4, greater than or equal to 0.5.
e
Actual incidence rates of anxiety adjusted for age, sex, and assessment center.