Table 1.
List of cultured genera in the domain of Bacteria and Archaea from the deep-sea hydrothermal vent environments and their metabolisms. Opt T, optimal growth temperature
| Categories | Genus (species number) | Opt T (°C) | Source | Main metabolism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bacteria | ||||
| Aquificae | Balnearium (1) | 70–75 | Chimney | Anaerobe, autotroph, sulfur-oxidizer, denitrifier |
| Desulfurobacterium (5) | 65–75 | Chimney, sulfide, animal | Aerobe or anaerobe, autotroph, hydrogen-oxidizer, sulfur-reducer, denitrifier | |
| Hydrogenivirga (1) | 70–75 | Chimney | Aerobe or anaerobe, autotroph, sulfur-oxidizer, denitrifier | |
| Persephonella (1) | 73 | Chimney | Aerobe or anaerobe, autotroph, sulfur-oxidizer, denitrifier | |
| Thermovibrio (2) | 75–80 | Chimney | Anaerobe, autotroph, hydrogen-oxidizer, sulfur-reducer, denitrifier | |
| Thermosulfidibacter (1) | 70 | Sediment | Anaerobe, autotroph, hydrogen-oxidizer, sulfur-reducer | |
| Calditrichaeota | Caldithrix (1) | 60 | Chimney | Anaerobe, autotroph or heterotroph, hydrogen-oxidizer, denitrifier |
| Campylobacterota | Caminibacter (3) | 55–60 | Chimney | Aerobe or anaerobe, autotroph, hydrogen-oxidizer, sulfur-reducer, denitrifier |
| Cetia (1) | 55–60 | Chimney | Anaerobe, autotroph, hydrogen-oxidizer, sulfur-reducer, denitrifier | |
| Hydrogenimonas (1) | 55 | Fluid | Aerobe or anaerobe, autotroph, hydrogen-oxidizer, sulfur-reducer, denitrifier | |
| Lebetimonas (2) | 50–55 | Fluid, animal | Anaerobe, autotroph, hydrogen-oxidizer, sulfur-reducer, denitrifier, selenite-reducer | |
| Nautilia (4) | 40–60 | Chimney, animal | Anaerobe, autotroph or heterotroph, hydrogen-oxidizer, sulfur-reducer, denitrifier, selenite-reducer | |
| Nitratifractor (2) | 37 | Chimney | Aerobe or anaerobe, autotroph, hydrogen-oxidizer, sulfur-reducer, denitrifier | |
| Nitratiruptor (1) | 55 | Chimney | Aerobe or anaerobe, autotroph, hydrogen-oxidizer, sulfur-reducer, denitrifier | |
| Sulfurovum (4) | 28–35 | Chimney, sediment, rock, animal | Aerobe or anaerobe, autotroph, sulfur-oxidizer, hydrogen-oxidizer, denitrifier | |
| Sulfurimonas (3) | 25–33 | Chimney, sediment, animal | Aerobe or anaerobe, autotroph, sulfur-oxidizer, hydrogen-oxidizer, denitrifier | |
| Thiofractor (1) | 37 | Chimney | Anaerobe, autotroph, hydrogen-oxidizer, sulfur-reducer, denitrifier | |
| Deferribacteres | Deferribacter (3) | 60–65 | Chimney, fluid | Anaerobe, heterotroph, hydrogen-oxidizer, sulfur-reducer, denitrifier, iron-reducer, arsenate-reducer |
| Deinococcus-Thermus | Marinithermus (1) | 67.5 | Chimney | Aerobe, heterotroph, hydrogen-oxidizer |
| Oceanithermus (2) | 60 | Chimney | Aerobe, heterotroph, hydrogen-oxidizer | |
| Rhodothermus (2) | 70–75 | Chimney | Aerobe, heterotroph, sulfur-reducer, denitrifier | |
| Thermus (1) | 75 | Chimney | Aerobe, heterotroph, hydrogen-oxidizer | |
| Vulcanithermus (1) | 70 | Chimney | Aerobe, heterotroph, hydrogen-oxidizer | |
| Firmicutes | Anoxybacter (1) | 60 | Sulfide | Anaerobe, heterotroph, iron-reducer |
| Caloranaerobacter (2) | 55–60 | Chimney, sulfide | Anaerobe, heterotroph, iron-reducer | |
| Caminicella (1) | 55–60 | Animal | Anaerobe, heterotroph | |
| Desulfohalotomaculum (1) | 50 | Sediment | Anaerobe, heterotroph, sulfur-reducer | |
| Vulcanibacillus (1) | 55 | Sediment | Anaerobe, heterotroph, denitrifier | |
| Wukongibacter (1) | 30 | Sulfide | Anaerobe, heterotroph, iron-reducer | |
| Proteobacteria | ||||
| Alphaproteobacteria | Piezobacter (1) | 50 | Chimney | Aerobe or anaerobe, autotroph or heterotroph, hydrogen-oxidizer, sulfur-oxidizer, denitrifier |
| Gammaproteobacteria | Guyparkeria (1) | 35 | Chimney | Aerobe, autotroph or heterotroph, sulfur-oxidizer |
| Halomonas (4) | 20–35 | Fluid, plume, rock | Aerobe, heterotroph | |
| Hydrogenovibrio (2) | 25–40 | Fluid, animal | Aerobe, autotroph or heterotroph, sulfur-oxidizer, | |
| Salinisphaera (1) | 30–35 | Fluid | Aerobe, autotroph or heterotroph, sulfur-oxidizer | |
| Thiolapillus (1) | 40 | Chimney | Aerobe or anaerobe, autotroph, sulfur-oxidizer, denitrifier | |
| Thiomicrorhabdus (1) | 28 | Sea water | Aerobe or anaerobe, autotroph, sulfur-oxidizer | |
| Thioprofundum (2) | 39–40 | Chimney, rock | Aerobe or anaerobe, autotroph, sulfur-oxidizer, denitrifier | |
| Vibrio (1) | 40 | Animal | Aerobe, heterotroph | |
| Deltaproteobacteria | Deferrisoma (1) | 50 | Chimney | Anaerobe, heterotroph, sulfur-reducer, iron-reducers |
| Desulfonauticus (1) | 45 | Animal | Anaerobe, autotroph or heterotroph, hydrogen-oxidizer, sulfur-reducer | |
| Desulfothermus (1) | 50 | Chimney | Anaerobe, heterotroph, sulfur-reducer | |
| Desulfovibrio (1) | 35 | Chimney | Anaerobe, autotroph or heterotroph, hydrogen-oxidizer, sulfur-reducer | |
| Dissulfuribacter (1) | 61 | Chimney | Anaerobe, autotroph, sulfur-disproportionator | |
| Geothermobacter (1) | 55 | Fluid | Anaerobe, heterotroph, denitrifier, iron-reducers | |
| Pseudodesulfovibrio (1) | 30–35 | Rock | Anaerobe, heterotroph, hydrogen-oxidizer, sulfur-reducer | |
| Zetaproteobacteria | Ghiorsea (1) | 20 | Iron mat | Aerobe, autotroph, iron-oxidizers |
| Mariprofundus (2) | 25–30 | Iron mat, sediment | Aerobe, autotroph, iron-oxidizers | |
| Thermodesulfobacteria | Thermosulfurimonas (1) | 74 | Chimney | anaerobe, autotroph, sulfur-reducer, sulfur-disproportionator |
| Thermosulfuriphilus (1) | 65 | Chimney | Anaerobe, autotroph, sulfur-reducer, sulfur-disproportionator | |
| Thermodesulfatator (3) | 65–70 | Chimney | Aanaerobe, autotroph, hydrogen-oxidizer, sulfur-reducer | |
| Thermodesulfobacterium (1) | 75 | Sediment | Anaerobe, autotroph, hydrogen-oxidizer, sulfur-reducer | |
| Thermotogae | Marinitoga (4) | 55–65 | Chimney | Anaerobe, heterotroph, sulfur-reducer |
| Kosmotoga (1) | 70 | Sediment | Anaerobe, heterotroph, sulfur-reducer | |
| Thermosipho (4) | 65–72 | Chimney, fluid, animal | Anaerobe, heterotroph, sulfur-reducer | |
| Archaea | ||||
| Euryarchaeota | Aciduliprofundum (1) | 70 | Sulfide | Anaerobe, autotroph or heterotroph, sulfur-reducer, iron-reducer |
| Geoglobus (2) | 81–88 | Chimney | Anaerobe, autotroph or heterotroph, hydrogen-oxidizer, iron-reducer | |
| Methanocaldococcus (6) | 80–85 | Chimney, sediment, fluid | Anaerobe, autotroph, methanogen | |
| Methanofervidicoccus (1) | 70 | Chimney | Anaerobe, autotroph, methanogen | |
| Methanopyrus (1) | 98 | Chimney | Anaerobe, autotroph, methanogen | |
| Methanothermococcus (1) | 60–65 | Chimney | Anaerobe, autotroph, methanogen | |
| Methanotorris (1) | 75 | Chimney | Anaerobe, autotroph, methanogen | |
| Palaeococcus (2) | 80 | Chimney, sediment | Anaerobe, heterotroph, sulfur-reducer | |
| Pyrococcus (5) | 95–105 | Chimney, fluid | Anaerobe, heterotroph, sulfur-reducer | |
| Thermococcus (18) | 75–90 | Chimney, sediment, rock, fluid, animal | Anaerobe, heterotroph, sulfur-reducer, iron-reducer | |
| Crenarchaeota | Aeropyrum (1) | 85 | Chimney | Aerobe, heterotroph |
| Geogemma (1) | 100 | Chimney | Anaerobe, autotroph, hydrogen-oxidizer, iron-reducer | |
| Ignicoccus (1) | 90 | Chimney | Anaerobe, autotroph, hydrogen-oxidizer, sulfur -reducer | |
| Pyrodictium (1) | 90–92 | Chimney | Anaerobe, autotroph, hydrogen-oxidizer, denitrifier, iron-reducer | |
| Pyrolobus (1) | 106 | Chimney | Aerobe or anaerobe, autotroph, sulfur-reducer, denitrifier | |