Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants by preserved vegetable consumption
| Characteristics | Total | Frequency of preserved vegetable consumption | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Never/rarely | Monthly | 1–3 days/week | Regularly (≥4 days/week) | ||
| n | 440,415 | 77,718 | 138,884 | 126,225 | 97,588 |
| Age (year) | 50.8 ± 10.3a | 51.5 ± 10.8 | 50.8 ± 10.3 | 50.2 ± 10.2 | 51.1 ± 10.1 |
| Male (%) | 40.3 | 40.1 | 40.3 | 40.7 | 40.0 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.6 ± 3.3 | 23.9 ± 3.4 | 23.4 ± 3.3 | 23.4 ± 3.3 | 24.1 ± 3.3 |
| Married (%) | 91.4 | 91.6 | 91.8 | 92.0 | 91.3 |
| Urban residence (%) | 43.2 | 49.9 | 34.0 | 34.8 | 61.7 |
| Southern residence (%)b | 59.8 | 46.2 | 66.6 | 63.4 | 56.4 |
| ≥High school (%) | 21.4 | 28.9 | 20.7 | 19.3 | 19.3 |
| Household income (≥35,000 yuan/year, %) | 18.3 | 15.8 | 18.4 | 18.1 | 20.3 |
| Physical activity (MET-h/wk) | 153.6 ± 97.4 | 128.2 ± 91.7 | 149.7 ± 98.4 | 165.8 ± 95.7 | 163.5 ± 98.2 |
| Smoking (%) | |||||
| Ex-regular (men) | 11.4 | 12.2 | 11.7 | 10.5 | 11.6 |
| Ex-regular (women) | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 1.0 |
| Current regular (men) | 62.7 | 55.9 | 61.1 | 64.7 | 67.8 |
| Current regular (women) | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 3.3 |
| Alcohol drinking (%) | |||||
| Ex-regular (men) | 2.8 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.6 |
| Ex-regular (women) | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
| Current regular (men) | 45.5 | 44.4 | 40.6 | 42.8 | 57.0 |
| Current regular (women) | 4.0 | 4.4 | 3.1 | 3.5 | 5.4 |
| Family history of cardiovascular disease (%) | 19.9 | 23.2 | 19.2 | 17.3 | 21.7 |
| Family history of cancer (%) | 16.3 | 18.9 | 15.2 | 13.4 | 19.7 |
| Hypertension (%) | 31.4 | 30.1 | 31.7 | 30.7 | 33.0 |
| Self-rated poor health (%) | 8.1 | 10.2 | 6.8 | 6.7 | 9.8 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 130.1 ± 20.8 | 129.1 ± 20.8 | 130.1 ± 20.9 | 129.9 ± 20.8 | 131.1 ± 20.7 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 77.6 ± 11.1 | 76.9 ± 11.1 | 77.3 ± 11.1 | 77.6 ± 11.1 | 78.7 ± 11.0 |
| Blood glucose (mmol/L)c | 5.9 ± 1.9 | 5.9 ± 1.9 | 5.8 ± 1.8 | 5.8 ± 1.8 | 6.0 ± 2.0 |
| Regular consumption of food (%)d | |||||
| Red meat | 47.7 | 46.6 | 47.4 | 47.1 | 49.6 |
| Poultry | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
| Fish | 9.2 | 11.5 | 10.3 | 6.6 | 9.0 |
| Eggs | 24.0 | 27.3 | 20.2 | 23.6 | 27.4 |
| Dairy | 10.9 | 15.4 | 8.2 | 9.5 | 12.8 |
| Fresh vegetables | 94.6 | 96.1 | 95.4 | 92.4 | 95.2 |
| Fruit | 28.2 | 30.4 | 22.0 | 27.7 | 36.1 |
| Soybeans | 9.6 | 8.3 | 8.6 | 10.8 | 10.4 |
MET-h/wk Metabolic equivalent task hours per week
aData are percentages or mean ± standard deviation unless indicated otherwise
bSouthern regions include Haikou, Suzhou, Liuzhou, Sichuan, Zhejiang, and Hunan
c7011 participants missed data of blood glucose
dAt least 4 days/week consumption, except for fresh vegetables (daily)