Table 2.
Comparisons of the differences on the frequency, severity, and distress of symptoms within, among and between groups at baseline and post-intervention
| Outcomes | ChemoFreeBot (n = 50) mean (SD) |
Routine care (n = 50) mean (SD) |
Nurse – led education (n = 50) mean (SD) |
F(p) | ChemoFreeBot vs. Routine care |
ChemoFreeBot vs. Nurse-led education |
Routine care vs. Nurse-led education |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Symptom frequency | ||||||||
|
Physical symptoms |
Baseline | 2.87 ± 0.32 | 2.83 ± 0.29 | 2.98 ± 0.31 | 147(p < .001*) a | |||
| Post-intervention | 1.36 ± 0.28 | 2.78 ± 0.23 | 2.16 ± 0.53 | 76.075(p < .001*) b | p < .001 ** | p < .001 ** | p < .001** | |
| 147(p < .001*) c | ||||||||
|
Psychological symptoms |
Baseline | 2.80 ± 0.38 | 2.76 ± 0.35 | 2.76 ± 0.34 | 443.192(p < .001*) a | |||
| Post-intervention | 1.39 ± 0.40 | 2.00 ± 0.39 | 2.75 ± 0.30 | 63.198(p < .001*) b | p < .001 ** | p < .001 ** | p < .001 ** | |
| 137.908(p < .001*) c | ||||||||
| Total symptoms | Baseline | 2.84 ± 0.33 | 2.89 ± 0.25 | 2.80 ± 0.26 | 778.765(p < .001*) a | |||
| Post-intervention | 1.37 ± 0.30 | 2.10 ± 0.39 | 2.77 ± 0.21 | 97.0(p < .001*) b | p < .001 ** | p < .001 ** | p < .001 ** | |
| 230.811(p < .001*) c | ||||||||
| Symptom severity | ||||||||
|
Physical symptoms |
Baseline | 2.87 ± 0.27 | 2.95 ± 0.23 | 2.83 ± 0.22 | 749.679(p < .001*) a | |||
| Post-intervention | 1.43 ± 0.29 | 2.18 ± 0.47 | 2.80 ± 0.20 | 96.440(p < .001*) b | p < .001 ** | p < .001 ** | p < .001 ** | |
| 220.462(p < .001*) c | ||||||||
|
Psychological symptoms |
Baseline | 2.90 ± 0.32 | 2.84 ± 0.33 | 2.81 ± 0.36 | 451.251(p < .001*) a | |||
| Post-intervention | 1.40 ± 0.43 | 2.06 ± 0.42 | 2.78 ± 0.33 | 62.137(p < .001*) b | p < .001 ** | p < .001 ** | p < .001 ** | |
| 136.740(p < .001*) c | ||||||||
| Total symptoms | Baseline | 2.88 ± 0.26 | 2.91 ± 0.22 | 2.83 ± 0.22 | 835.079(p < .001*) a | |||
| Post-intervention | 1.42 ± 0.30 | 2.14 ± 0.39 | 2.79 ± 0.21 | 111.596(p < .001*) b | p < .001 ** | p < .001 ** | p < .001 ** | |
| 247.734(p < .001*) c | ||||||||
| Symptom distress | ||||||||
|
Physical symptoms |
Baseline | 2.89 ± 0.26 | 2.86 ± 0.29 | 2.97 ± 0.22 | 209.281(P < .001*) a | |||
| Post-intervention | 1.85 ± 0.40 | 3.00 ± 0.32 | 2.76 ± 0.22 | 77.171(p < .001*) b | p < .001 ** | p < .001 ** | p = 1 | |
| 189.680(p < .001*) c | ||||||||
|
Psychological symptoms |
Baseline | 2.91 ± 0.37 | 2.96 ± 0.33 | 2.85 ± 0.34 | 106.564(p < .001*) a | |||
| Post-intervention | 1.68 ± 0.71 | 2.75 ± 0.33 | 3.00 ± 0.34 | 43.003(p < .001*) b | p < .001 ** | p < .001 ** | p = 1 | |
| 168.057(p < .001*) c | ||||||||
| Total symptoms | Baseline | 2.90 ± 0.27 | 2.93 ± 0.21 | 2.84 ± 0.26 | 219.276(p < .001*) a | |||
| Post-intervention | 1.80 ± 0.43 | 2.78 ± 0.20 | 3.00 ± 0.30 | 80.265(p < .001*) b | p < .034 ** | p < .001 ** | p = .642 | |
| 234.146(p < .001*) c |
F: Mixed design Repeated Measures ANOVA test, SD: Standard deviation, *: Statistically significant at p ≤ .05, ** Significant results after Adjustment for multiple comparisons: Bonferroni
Mixed design repeated measures ANOVA test to assess main effect of time before and after intervention a, main effect of three programs b and interaction to assess the pattern of change of each quantitative outcome variable along time by program c.