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. 2023 Apr 5;21:244. doi: 10.1186/s12967-023-04089-4

Table 1.

Characteristics of clinical studies on the combination therapy of SRS and ICI in brain metastases

Author, year NCT number Type of Study Type of cancer No. of patients (intervention) No. of patients (control) No. of lesions (intervention) No. of lesions (control) Intervention arm Control arm Intervals*, months Refs
Acharya, 2017 – Retro Melanoma 18 38 48 121 Concurrent SRS + ICI SRS 3 [100]
Ahmed, 2016 – Retro Melanoma 21 20 59 79 Concurrent SRS + ICI (anti-PD-1) SRS 4 [101]
25 20 73 79 Concurrent SRS + ICI (anti-CTLA-4) SRS 4
An, 2017 – Retro Melanoma 66 33  –  – Concurrent SRS + ICI SRS after ICI 5.5 [102]
Anderson, 2017 – Retro Melanoma 11 15 23 27 Concurrent SRS + ICI (anti-PD-1) SRS 4 [103]
20 15 31 27 Concurrent SRS + ICI (anti-CTLA-4) SRS 4
Choong, 2017 – Retro Melanoma 39 26  –  – Concurrent SRS + ICI SRS 1.5 [104]
Cohen-Inbar, 2017 – Retro Melanoma 32 14 160 72 Concurrent SRS + /before ICI SRS after ICI 1 [105]
Diao1, 2018 – Retro Melanoma 18 29 59 91 Concurrent SRS + ICI SRS 1 [106]
25 29 160 91 Non-Concurrent SRS + ICI SRS 1
Diao2, 2018 – Retro Melanoma 23 40  –  – Concurrent SRS + ICI SRS 1 [107]
28 40  –  – Non-Concurrent SRS + ICI SRS 1
Kaidar-Person, 2017 – Retro Melanoma 29 29  –  – Concurrent SRS + ICI SRS 1 [108]
Kiess, 2015 – Retro Melanoma 15 19  –  – Concurrent SRS + ICI SRS before ICI 1 [58]
12 19  –  – SRS after ICI SRS before ICI 1
15 12  –  – Concurrent SRS + ICI SRS after ICI 1
15 31  –  – Concurrent SRS + ICI Non-Concurrent SRS + ICI 1
Knisely, 2012 – Retro Melanoma 27 50  –  – SRS before/after/concurrent ICI SRS – [109]
16 11  –  – SRS before ICI SRS after ICI –
Lanier, 2019 – Retro Mixed 101 170  –  – SRS before/after/concurrent ICI SRS – [110]
Martins, 2020 – Retro Melanoma 28  –  –  – Concurrent SRS + ICI – 2.25 [111]
Mathew, 2013 – Retro Melanoma 25 33 99 99 SRS before/after/concurrent ICI SRS – [112]
Murphy, 2019 – Retro Melanoma – – 36 54 Concurrent SRS + ICI Non-Concurrent SRS + ICI 1 [45]
Patel, 2017 – Retro Melanoma 20 34  –  – Concurrent SRS + ICI SRS 4 [90]
Qian, 2016 – Retro Melanoma 33 22  –  – Concurrent SRS + ICI Non-concurrent SRS + ICI 1 [46]
Silk, 2013 – Retro Melanoma 17 16  –  – Non-Concurrent SRS + ICI SRS 6 [113]
Skrepnik, 2017 – Retro Melanoma 8 17  –  – Concurrent SRS + ICI Non-Concurrent SRS + ICI 1 [47]
Stokes, 2017 – Retro Melanoma 93 376  –  – Concurrent SRS + ICI SRS 4 [114]
Williams, 2017 NCT01703507 Pro Melanoma 11 5 22 30 Concurrent SRS + ICI Concurrent WBRT + ICI 0.1 [115]
Yusuf, 2017 – Pro Melanoma 18 22 59 108 Concurrent SRS + ICI SRS 3 [116]
7 11 21 38 SRS after ICI SRS before ICI 3
12 6 41 18 Concurrent SRS + ICI Non-Concurrent SRS + ICI 1
Le,2022 – Retro Mixed – – 53 424 Concurrent SRS + ICI Non-Concurrent SRS + ICI 1 [48]
– – 79 398 Concurrent SRS + ICI Non-Concurrent SRS + ICI 2
– – 92 385 Concurrent SRS + ICI Non-Concurrent SRS + ICI 3
Scoccianti,2021 – Retro NSCLC 100 50  –  – Concurrent SRS + ICI SRS 1 [54]
90 10  –  – Concurrent SRS + ICI Non-Concurrent SRS + ICI 0.21
Cabanie,2021 – Retro Mixed 13 46 14 79 Concurrent SRS + ICI Non-Concurrent SRS + ICI 0.21 [51]
35 24 40 53 Concurrent SRS + ICI Non-Concurrent SRS + ICI 0.5
59  – 103  – Concurrent SRS + ICI – 1
Enright,2020 – Retro NSCLC 33 44 64 68 Concurrent SRS + ICI SRS 3 [117]
Weingarten,2019 – Retro Mixed 7 50  –  – Concurrent SRS + ICI Non-Concurrent SRS + ICI 1 [118]
45 5  –  – SRS before ICI SRS after ICI 3
Chen,2018 – Retro Mixed 28 51  –  – Concurrent SRS + ICI Non-Concurrent SRS + ICI 0.5 [53]
28 22  –  – Concurrent SRS + ICI SRS after ICI 0.5
28 29  –  – Concurrent SRS + ICI SRS before ICI 0.5
Ahmed,2017 – Retro NSCLC 13 4 35 14 Concurrent SRS + /before ICI SRS after ICI 1 [119]
Hubbeling,2018 – Retro NSCLC 14 5  –  – Concurrent SRS + ICI SRS after ICI 1 [55]
12 23  –  – Concurrent SRS + ICI SRS before ICI 1
Schapira,2018 – Retro NSCLC 8 5 21 13 Concurrent SRS + ICI SRS after ICI 1 [120]
8 24 21 51 Concurrent SRS + ICI SRS before ICI 1
Kotecha,2019 – Retro Mixed  –  – 564 439 Concurrent SRS + ICI Non-Concurrent SRS + ICI 5 [49]
 –  – 367 636 Concurrent SRS + ICI Non-Concurrent SRS + ICI 1
Khan,2021 NCT02858869 Pro Mixed 25 – 68 – Concurrent SRS + ICI – 0.1 [121]
Li,2021 NCT02696993 Pro NSCLC 13 – – – Concurrent SRS + ICI – 0.25 [122]
Wong,2021 NCT02978404 Pro NSCLC 22 – – – Concurrent SRS + ICI – 0.5 [123]
Abdulhaleem,2022 – Retro NSCLC 80 235 369 522 Concurrent SRS + ICI SRS 1 [124]
Koenig,2019 – Retro Mixed 27 70 359 221 Concurrent SRS + ICI Non-Concurrent SRS + ICI 1 [52]

* Intervals were defined as the time interval between the first day of SRS and the most adjacent day of ICI in the “concurrent” SRS + ICI treatments

Retro  retrospective, pro prospective, NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer, SRS  stereotactic Radiosurgery, ICI immune checkpoint inhibitor