Table 8.
The DH non-causality test results
| Variables | LHW | LNR | LFR | LGI | LNEG |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LHW | – |
2.773* (0.005) |
2.714* (0.006) |
4.353* (0.000) |
6.024* (0.000) |
| LNR |
2.739 (0.361) |
– |
2.531** (0.011) |
2.066** (0.038) |
5.428* (0.000) |
| LFR |
0.865 (0.387) |
2.983* (0.003) |
– |
3.311* (0.000) |
5.547* (0.000) |
| LGI |
3.663* (0.000) |
3.659* (0.000) |
2.433* (0.015) |
– |
4.931* (0.000) |
| LEG |
1.107 (0.268) |
3.278* (0.001) |
3.701* (0.000) |
1.048 (0.294) |
– |
Note: The symbols *, and ** represent the significance levels at 1%, and 5%, respectively