Figure 4.

Mucosal microbiome shifted as gastric diseases progress.

(a-b) Forest plots of alpha diversity between each two stages. The combined log₂(fold difference) and FDR-corrected p-values calculated by REM were shown in the figure. Point to the left of the gray dashed line indicates higher diversity in the early stage; point to the right of the gray dashed line represents higher diversity in the advanced disease stage. The length of the error bar depicts the 95% CIs. Analyses were performed both with (a) and without HP reads (b). (c-d) ADONIS based on various distance metrics demonstrated significant differences in the gastric microbiome composition between each of the two stages. Combined R² across different cohorts was calculated using the ADONIS test with cohort as stratum. Analyses were performed both with (c) and without HP reads (d). (e) Combined log₂(fold change) for the 20 differential OTUs with the largest effect size between gastritis and GC, calculated using DESeq2 and REM.