Table 1.

Antibiotics commonly used during the perinatal period.

Antibiotic	Class of antibiotic	Target infection
Penicillins22	β-lactams	Group B streptococci22 infections, respiratory infections, urinary tract and skin infections, septicemia.
Cephalosporin23		Respiratory tract, urinary tract and skin infections, gonorrhea.
Carbapenems24		Gram-negative bacterial infections of the urinary tract, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, and urogenital and pelvic area.
Azithromycin, erythromycin25	Macrolides	Respiratory, intestine, gynecological, urogenital and skin infections, chlamydia infections and syphilis.
Ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin26,27	Quinolones	Serious gram-negative bacterial infections.
Clindamycin28,29	Lincomycin	Respiratory, skin, blood, female reproductive organ, and internal organ infections.
Gentamycin, streptomycin30,31	Aminoglycosides	Pyelonephritis, urinary tract infection, gram-negative bacterial infections.
Metronidazole32	Nitroimidazole	Infections affecting the reproductive system, gut, skin, heart, bones, joints, lungs, blood, and nervous system.
Vancomycin33,34	Glycopeptide	Colitis, C. difficile–induced diarrhea, gram-positive bacterial infections.
Trimethoprim35	Dyaminopyrimidines	Urinary tract infections, pneumonia, diarrhea.