TABLE 2.

Eating behavior traits: Summary of included studies

Eating behavior trait	Questionnaire used to assess eating behavior trait	Cross‐sectional study reference	Associations with
			EI	BMI
Intuitive eating (IE)	IES	Anderson, Schaumberg, Anderson and Reilly 57	NS and ↑	↓
	IES	Anderson, Reilly, Schaumberg, Dmochowski and Anderson 58	NS	NS
	IES‐2	Ruzanska and Warschburger 59	NS and ↑	↓
		Total	3 NS 2 ↑	1 NS 2 ↓
Mindful eating	MEQ	Anderson, Reilly, Schaumberg, Dmochowski and Anderson 58	NS	NS
		Total	1 NS	1 NS
Satiety Responsiveness	SQ	Dalton, Hollingworth, Blundell and Finlayson 60	↓	NS
	SQ desire to eat SQ for PFC SQ for fullness SQ for hunger	Drapeau, Blundell, Therrien, Lawton, Richard and Tremblay 61	NS NS ↓ NS	NS NS NS NS
	SQ	Drapeau, Jacob, Panahi and Tremblay 62	NS	NS
	AEBQ	Zuraikat, Roe, Smethers, Reihart and Rolls 63	↓	NS*
		Total	4 NS 3 ↓	7 NS
Dietary restraint	TFEQ	Anderson, Reilly, Schaumberg, Dmochowski and Anderson 58	NS	↑
	TFEQ	Ard, Desmond, Allison and Conway 64	↓
	TFEQ	Bellisle, Dalix, Airinei, Hercberg and Péneau 65	NS	NS
	TFEQ	Bryant, Caudwell, Blundell, Hopkins and King 66	NS
	TFEQ	Chambers and Yeomans 67	NS	NS
	RS	Coelho, Polivy, Herman and Pliner 68	↑	↑
	RRS	Cools, Schotte and McNally 69	↓
	RS	de Witt Huberts, Evers and de Ridder 70 study 1	NS	↑
	RS	de Witt Huberts, Evers and de Ridder 70 study 2	NS	↑
	RS	de Witt Huberts, Evers and de Ridder 70 study 3	NS	NS
	DEBQ	Dweck, Jenkins and Nolan 71		↑
	RRS	Fedoroff, Polivy and Herman 72	↓
	TFEQ	Finlayson, Blundell, Bordes, Griffioen‐Roose and de Graaf 73	NS	NS
	DEBQ	Finlayson et al. 73	NS and ↑
	RS	Guerrieri, Nederkoorn, Schrooten, Martijn and Jansen 74	↑	↑
	TFEQ	Haynes, Lee and Yeomans 75	↓	NS
	DEBQ	Herhaus and Petrowski 76	NS	NS
	RS	Herman and Mack 44	↑ and ↓	NS
	RS	Herman, Polivy and Silver 45	↑
	DEBQ	Higgs, Williamson and Attwood 77	NS	NS
	TFEQ	Hofmann and Friese 78	↓
	DEBQ	Hopkins et al. 113	↓	NS
	DEBQ	Jansen 79 study 1	↑	NS
		Jansen 79 study 2	↑	↑
	RS	Jansen, Merckelbach, Oosterlaan, Tuiten and Van Den Hout 80	NS	↑
	RS	Lattimore and Maxwell 81	NS
	TFEQ	Martin, Williamson, Geiselman, Walden, Smeets, Morales and Redmann Jr 82	NS	NS
	TFEQ	McNeil, Lamothe, Cameron, Riou, Cadieux, Lafreniere, Goldfield, Willbond, Prud'homme and Doucet 83	NS
	RRS	Myhre, Buchwald, Kratz, Goldberg, Polivy, Melhorn, Schur and Cummings 84	NS	NS
	DEBQ	Oliver, Wardle and Gibson 85	NS
	DEBQ	Ouwens, van Strien and van der Staak 86	NS
	TFEQ	Ouwens, van Strien and van der Staak 86	NS
	RS	Ouwens, van Strien and van der Staak 86	NS
	TFEQ	Peluso 87	NS	NS
	TFEQ	Rideout, McLean and Barr 88	↓	NS
	DEBQ	Robinson and Haynes 115	NS	NS
	TFEQ	Rolls, Castellanos, Shide, Miller, Pelkman, Thorwart and Peters 89	NS	NS
	TFEQ	Ruddock, Field and Hardman 90	↓	NS
	TFEQ	Schoch and Raynor 91	↓	↑
	RRS	Schotte, Cools and McNally 92	NS	↑
	RS	Shapiro and Anderson 93	NS
	DEBQ	Sim, Lee and Cheon 94	NS
	TFEQ	Smith, Geiselman, Williamson, Champagne, Bray and Ryan 95	NS	↑
	RS and TFEQ	Stice, Fisher and Lowe 96 study 1	NS	NS
	TFEQ and EDEQ‐R	Stice, Fisher and Lowe 96 study 2	NS
	TFEQ	Stice, Sysko, Roberto and Allison 97	NS
	TFEQ	Stinson, Votruba, Venti, Krakoff, Gluck and Perez 98	↓	NS
	DEBQ	van Strien and Ouwens 99	NS
	TFEQ	Visona and George 100	NS	NS
	DEBQ	Wallis and Hetherington 101	NS	NS
	DEBQ	Wallis and Hetherington 102	↓	↑
	DEBQ	Wardle and Beales 103	↑	NS
	TFEQ	Westenhoefer, Broeckmann, Münch and Pudel 104	NS	↑
	RRS	Westenhoefer, Broeckmann, Münch and Pudel 104	↑	↑
	TFEQ	Yeomans and Coughlan 105	NS	NS
	TFEQ	Yeomans, Tovey, Tinley and Haynes 106		NS
	TFEQ	Zambrowicz, Schebendach, Sysko, Mayer, Walsh and Steinglass 107	↓
	EDE‐2	Zambrowicz, Schebendach, Sysko, Mayer, Walsh and Steinglass 107	NS
		Total	36 NS 9 ↑ 13 ↓	24 NS 14 ↑
Control of eating	COEQ Craving control Positive mood Lack of Craving for sweet a	Dalton, Finlayson, Blundell and Hill 47	↓ ↓ ↓	↓ ↓ ↓
		Total	3 ↓	3 ↓
Hedonic hunger/food reward sensitivity	PFS	Appelhans, Liebman, Woolf, Pagoto, Schneider and Whited 108	NS	NS
	PFS	Ely, Howard and Lowe 109	NS and ↑	↑
	PFS	Finlayson et al. 73	NS	NS
	PFS	Nolan‐Poupart, Veldhuizen, Geha and Small 110	NS
		Total	4 NS 1 ↑	2 NS 1 ↑
Food craving	FCI	Martin, O'Neil, Tollefson, Greenway and White 111	↑
		Total	1 ↑
Dietary disinhibition	TFEQ	Ard, Desmond, Allison and Conway 64	NS
	TFEQ	Bryant, Caudwell, Blundell, Hopkins and King 66	NS
	TFEQ	Chambers and Yeomans 67	NS and ↑
	TFEQ	Epstein, Lin, Carr and Fletcher 112	↑	↑
	TFEQ	Finlayson, Blundell, Bordes, Griffioen‐Roose and de Graaf 73	NS and ↑	↑
	TFEQ	Haynes, Lee and Yeomans 75	↑	NS
	TFEQ	Higgs, Williamson and Attwood 77	NS	NS
	TFEQ	Martin, Williamson, Geiselman, Walden, Smeets, Morales and Redmann Jr 82		NS
	TFEQ	McNeil, Lamothe, Cameron, Riou, Cadieux, Lafreniere, Goldfield, Willbond, Prud'homme and Doucet 83	NS
	DEBQ	Ouwens, van Strien and van der Staak 86	↑
	TFEQ	Ouwens, van Strien and van der Staak 86	↑
	TFEQ	Ruddock, Field and Hardman 90	↑	NS
	TFEQ	Smith, Geiselman, Williamson, Champagne, Bray and Ryan 95	↑	↑
	TFEQ	Stinson, Votruba, Venti, Krakoff, Gluck and Perez 98	NS	↑
	TFEQ	Westenhoefer, Broeckmann, Münch and Pudel 104	↑	↑
	TFEQ	Yeomans and Coughlan 105	NS	↑
	TFEQ	Yeomans, Tovey, Tinley and Haynes 106	↑	↑
	TFEQ	Zambrowicz, Schebendach, Sysko, Mayer, Walsh and Steinglass 107	NS
		Total	9 NS 10 ↑	4 NS 7 ↑
Susceptibility to Hunger	TFEQ	Bryant, Caudwell, Blundell, Hopkins and King 66	↑
	TFEQ	Finlayson, Blundell, Bordes, Griffioen‐Roose and de Graaf 73	NS	NS
	TFEQ	McNeil, Lamothe, Cameron, Riou, Cadieux, Lafreniere, Goldfield, Willbond, Prud'homme and Doucet 83	↑
	TFEQ	Stinson, Votruba, Venti, Krakoff, Gluck and Perez 98	NS	↑
	TFEQ	Westenhoefer, Broeckmann, Münch and Pudel 104	↑	↑
	TFEQ	Zambrowicz, Schebendach, Sysko, Mayer, Walsh and Steinglass 107	NS
		Total	3 NS 3 ↑	1 NS 2 ↑
External eating	DEBQ	Dweck, Jenkins and Nolan 71		NS
	DEBQ	Finlayson et al. 73	↑	NS
	DEBQ	Hopkins, Michalowska, Whybrow, Horgan and Stubbs 113	NS	NS
	DEBQ	Kakoschke, Kemps and Tiggemann 114	↑
	DEBQ	Robinson and Haynes 115	NS	NS
	DEBQ	van Strien, Donker and Ouwens 116	↑
	DEBQ	van Strien and Ouwens 99	NS
		Total	3 NS 3 ↑	4 NS
Emotional eating	DEBQ	Dweck, Jenkins and Nolan 71	NS	NS
	DEBQ	Evers, de Ridder and Adriaanse 117 study 3	NS	NS
	DEBQ	Evers, de Ridder and Adriaanse 117 study 4	NS	NS
	DEBQ	Evers, de Ridder and Adriaanse 117 study 5	NS	NS
	DEBQ	Finlayson et al. 73	NS and ↑	↑
	DEBQ	Hopkins, Michalowska, Whybrow, Horgan and Stubbs 113	NS	NS
	DEBQ	Oliver, Wardle and Gibson 85	NS
	DEBQ	Raspopow, Abizaid, Matheson and Anisman 118	NS	NS*
	DEBQ	Robinson and Haynes 115	NS	NS
	DEBQ	van Strien, Donker and Ouwens 116	↑
	DEBQ	van Strien, Herman, Anschutz, Engels and de Weerth 119		↑
	DEBQ	van Strien and Ouwens 99	↑
	DEBQ	Wallis and Hetherington 101	NS	NS
	DEBQ	Wallis and Hetherington 102		NS
		Total	10 NS 3 ↑	9 NS 2 ↑
Binge eating	BES	Alger, Seagle and Ravussin 120
	EDAS	Arumae, Kreegipuu and Vainik 121	↑	NS
	BES	Dalton, Blundell and Finlayson 122	↑	NS*
	BES	Dalton, Blundell and Finlayson 123	↑	NS*
	BES	Finlayson, Arlotti, Dalton, King and Blundell 4	↑	↑
	BES	Finlayson et al. 73	NS	↑
	BES	Nasser, Gluck and Geliebter 124	NS	NS
	BES	Stinson, Votruba, Venti, Krakoff, Gluck and Perez 98	NS	↑
		Total	3 NS 4 ↑	4 NS 3 ↑
Eating disorders	EDDS	Anderson, Reilly, Schaumberg, Dmochowski and Anderson 58	NS	↑
	EDI‐2	Long, Meyer, Leung and Wallis 125	NS
		Total	2 NS	1 ↑
Food addiction	YFAS 2.0	Schulte, Sonneville and Gearhardt 126	NS	NS
		Total	1 NS	1 NS
Eating self‐efficacy	WEL	Vijayvargiya, Chedid, Wang, Atieh, Maselli, Burton, Clark, Acosta and Camilleri 127	↓
		Total	1 ↓
Reward‐related eating	RED‐X5 RED‐9 RED‐13	Vainik, Eun Han, Epel, Janet Tomiyama, Dagher and Mason 55 Total	↑ 1 ↑	↑ 1 ↑
Total scores	TFEQ	Bellisle and Dalix 128	NS	NS
	DEBQ	Bellisle and Dalix 128	NS	NS
	TFEQ	Nolan‐Poupart, Veldhuizen, Geha and Small 110	NS
		Total	3 NS	2 NS

Note: blank = outcome was measured but the data was not available as authors were contacted but did not reply, NS = non‐significant, NS* = significant association with body fat or body weight, ↑ = significance positive association, ↓ = significant negative association,

^a = reverse coded. If two results are presented for one outcome (e.g., NS and ↑), the effect differed depending on the group or condition tested.