TABLE 4.
POMS and SEES questionnaires results
| Pre‐test (M ± SD) | Post‐test (M ± SD) | Difference (post – Pre) (M ± SD) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total mood disturbances (TMD, POMS) a , b | |||
| EX DEP | 128.83 ± 21.23 | 119.04 ± 17.06 | −9.79 ± 16.83* |
| EX HC | 99.63 ± 9.91 | 95.46 ± 8.51 | −4.17 ± 7.74* |
| REST DEP | 132.25 ± 24.88 | 132.75 ± 21.63 | 0.50 ± 9.46 |
| REST HC | 99.79 ± 8.84 | 102.25 ± 11.43 | 2.46 ± 7.38 |
| Tension (TEN, POMS) a | |||
| EX DEP | 11.08 ± 5.36 | 9.71 ± 4.61 | −1.38 ± 2.78* |
| EX HC | 6.92 ± 1.25 | 6.54 ± 0.88 | −0.38 ± 1.17 |
| REST DEP | 12.00 ± 5.52 | 11.08 ± 5.65 | −0.92 ± 2.66* |
| REST HC | 7.04 ± 1.49 | 6.63 ± 1.10 | −0.42 ± 0.78 |
| Anger (ANG, POMS) a | |||
| EX DEP | 7.63 ± 2.90 | 7.00 ± 2.06 | −0.63 ± 1.58* |
| EX HC | 6.41 ± 1.02 | 6.25 ± 0.90 | −0.17 ± 0.38 |
| REST DEP | 9.17 ± 5.22 | 8.75 ± 4.41 | −0.42 ± 1.95 |
| REST HC | 6.54 ± 1.25 | 6.25 ± 0.74 | −0.29 ± 0.81 |
| Fatigue (FAT, POMS) a | |||
| EX DEP | 10.50 ± 5.54 | 10.96 ± 3.67 | 0.46 ± 4.92 |
| EX HC | 6.46 ± 1.67 | 7.25 ± 2.35 | 0.79 ± 2.38 |
| REST DEP | 9.58 ± 4.18 | 11.13 ± 4.19 | 1.54 ± 3.51* |
| REST HC | 6.17 ± 1.27 | 6.63 ± 1.86 | 0.46 ± 1.82 |
| Depression (DEP, POMS) a , b | |||
| EX DEP | 12.83 ± 6.25 | 10.36 ± 5.08 | −2.46 ± 4.26* |
| EX HC | 7.68 ± 1.05 | 7.21 ± 0.72 | −0.46 ± 0.78 |
| REST DEP | 14.04 ± 6.91 | 13.83 ± 6.40 | −0.21 ± 2.48 |
| REST HC | 7.50 ± 0.98 | 7.88 ± 1.80 | 0.38 ± 1.31 |
| Esteem‐related affect (ERA, POMS) a,b | |||
| EX DEP | 13.13 ± 3.28 | 15.04 ± 3.95 | 1.92 ± 2.57* |
| EX HC | 17.86 ± 3.39 | 19.63 ± 3.28 | 1.75 ± 3.04* |
| REST DEP | 13.08 ± 3.39 | 12.71 ± 2.88 | −0.38 ± 2.56 |
| REST HC | 17.92 ± 3.20 | 17.29 ± 3.68 | −0.63 ± 2.32 |
| Vigor (VIG, POMS) a , b | |||
| EX DEP | 10.08 ± 3.84 | 13.00 ± 4.45 | 2.92 ± 3.48* |
| EX HC | 17.04 ± 4.37 | 18.13 ± 4.00 | 1.08 ± 2.90* |
| REST DEP | 10.08 ± 4.11 | 8.96 ± 3.77 | −1.13 ± 2.89* |
| REST HC | 16.08 ± 4.11 | 13.67 ± 4.47 | −1.42 ± 2.62* |
| Confusion (CON, POMS) a | |||
| EX DEP | 10.00 ± 3.04 | 9.04 ± 2.97 | −0.96 ± 2.27* |
| EX HC | 7.08 ± 2.26 | 5.96 ± 1.57 | −1.13 ± 1.73* |
| REST DEP | 10.63 ± 3.49 | 9.63 ± 3.44 | −1.00 ± 1.75* |
| REST HC | 6.54 ± 1.62 | 6.83 ± 2.16 | 0.29 ± 1.65 |
| Positive well‐being (PWB, SEES) a , b | |||
| EX DEP | 11.04 ± 5.56 | 13.17 ± 6.04 | 2.13 ± 3.44* |
| EX HC | 19.00 ± 4.33 | 20.54 ± 4.09 | 1.54 ± 2.87* |
| REST DEP | 10.58 ± 4.57 | 9.33 ± 4.54 | −1.25 ± 2.01* |
| REST HC | 18.71 ± 3.50 | 18.33 ± 3.52 | −0.36 ± 2.92 |
| Psychological distress (PD, SEES) a , b | |||
| EX DEP | 9.33 ± 6.53 | 6.71 ± 4.10 | −2.63 ± 4.33* |
| EX HC | 4.88 ± 2.64 | 4.29 ± 0.86 | −0.58 ± 1.95 |
| REST DEP | 9.63 ± 6.12 | 8.54 ± 5.13 | −1.08 ± 2.43 |
| REST HC | 4.58 ± 1.64 | 4.50 ± 1.22 | −0.08 ± 1.38 |
| Fatigue (F, SEES) a | |||
| EX DEP | 11.86 ± 7.34 | 11.96 ± 5.11 | 0.08 ± 5.42 |
| EX HC | 6.83 ± 2.92 | 7.54 ± 3.36 | 0.71 ± 4.01 |
| REST DEP | 11.17 ± 6.04 | 12.54 ± 5.66 | 1.38 ± 4.02 |
| REST HC | 6.25 ± 2.75 | 6.96 ± 3.94 | 0.71 ± 2.77 |
Abbreviations: DEP, depression group; EX, moderate‐intensity exercise; HC, healthy control group; REST, seated rest condition.
a
Significant GROUP effect (DEP vs HC).
b
Significant PROTOCOL (EX vs REST) × TIME (PRETEST vs POSTEST) interaction.
*
Significant difference as measured by planned comparison post vs pretest at level p < .05.