TABLE 2.

GRADE assessment of certainty in the body of evidence for MCR as a predictor of each health outcome

Participants and setting: Longitudinal cohort studies of older adults in community settings Exposure: MCR or both of its components, objective slow gait speed and subjective cognitive complaint Comparator: a non‐MCR group
Outcomes and effect size (95%CI)	No.	Phase	ROB	Inconsist.	Imprecis.	Indirect.	Pub. bias	Effect size	GRADE certainty of evidence
Dementia aHR 2.12 (1.85‐2.42)	9955								⊕⊕◯◯ Low
Cognitive Impairment aHR 1.76 (1.49‐2.08)	6458								⊕⊕◯◯ Low
Falls aRR 1.38 (1.15‐1.66)	12,640								⊕⊕◯◯ Low
Mortality aHR 1.49 (1.16‐1.91)	19,818								⊕⊕◯◯ Low

= no concerns = some concerns

Note: High certainty: We are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect. Moderate certainty: We are moderately confident in the effect estimate—the true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different. Low certainty: Our confidence in the effect estimate is limited—the true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect.

Abbreviations: aHR, adjusted hazard ratio; aRR, adjusted relative risk; No, number of participants in pooled meta‐analysis for each outcome; Phase, phase of Investigation; ROB, risk of bias; Inconsist, inconsistency; Imprecis, imprecision; Indirect, indirectness; Pub. Bias, publication bias.