Table 2.
Group comparisons for mean changes from baseline. MTG = mirror therapy group, VFG = visual feedback group, CG = control group, VAS = visual analog scale, SPADI = shoulder pain and disability index, CI = confidence interval.
| Variables | Mean Change from Baseline (95% CI) | Between Group Difference (95% CI) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MTG | VFG | CG | MTG vs CG | P Value | VFG vs CG | P Value | MTG vs VFG | P Value | ||
| N = 12 | N = 12 | N = 12 | ||||||||
| VAS | Week 6 | −2.75 (−3.96 to −1.53) | −4.83 (−6.38 to −3.28) | −2.66 (−4.13 to −1.19) | −0.08 (−2.38 to 2.21) | 0.616* | −2.16 (−4.46 to 0.13) | 0.029* | 2.08 (−0.21 to 4.38) | 0.028* |
| Week 10 | −3.91 (−5.72 to −2.11) | −6.16 (−7.51 to −4.81) | −3.83 (−5.56 to −2.10) | −0.08 (−2.74 to 2.57) | 0.838* | −2.33 (−4.99 to 0.32) | 0.029* | 2.25 (−0.41 to 4.91) | 0.041* | |
| SPADI | Week 6 | −30.42 (−44.67 to −16.17) | −38.33 (−51.99 to −24.67) | −30.06 (−45.31 to 14.81) | −0.36 (−23.70 to 22.97) | 1.000 | −8.26 (−31.60 to 15.06) | 1.000 | 7.90 (−15.43 to 31.24) | 1.000 |
| Week 10 | −31.19 (−50.64 to −11.74) | −53.78 (−61.91 to −45.65) | −24.29 −38.81 to −9.78) | −6.89 (−30.84 to 17.05) | 1.000 | −29.48 (−53.43 to −5.53) | 0.012 | 22.58 (−1.35 to 46.53) | 0.070 | |
| Constant | Week 6 | 23.66 (18.00 to 29.33) | 31.91 (25.03 to 38.79) | 29.08 (20.72 to 37.44) | −5.41 (−16.85 to 6.01) | 0.722 | 2.83 (−8.60 to 14.26) | 1.000 | −8.25 (−19.68 to 3.18) | 0.234 |
| Week 10 | 30.08 (21.59 to 38.57) | 37.08 (30.47 to 43.69) | 24.75 (15.12 to 34.37) | 5.33 (−8.17 to 18.84) | 0.980 | 12.33 (−1.17 to 25.84) | 0.083 | −7.00 (−20.50 to 6.50) | 0.601 | |
| Proprioception | Week 6 | −0.95 (−6.55 to 4.63) | −5.27 (−9.60 to −0.94) | −3.86 (−10.23 to 2.51) | 2.90 (−6.00 to 11.81) | 1.000 | −1.41 (−10.32 to 7.49) | 1.000 | 4.31 (−4.59 to 13.22) | 0.691 |
| Week 10 | −1.37 (−7.43 to 4.68) | −5.60 (−11.68 to 0.47) | −7.88 (−13.99 to −1.78) | 6.51 (−3.34 to 16.36) | 0.315 | 2.27 (−7.57 to 12.13) | 1.000 | 4.23 (−5.62 to 14.08) | 0.859 | |
| Flexion | Week 6 | 30.13 (21.02 to 39.25) | 32.16 (22.89 to 41.43) | 41.69 (20.92 to 62.46) | −11.55 (−34.48 to 11.37) | 0.638 | −9.52 (−32.45 to 13.39) | 0.906 | −2.02 (−24.95 to 20.89) | 1.000 |
| Week 10 | 29.11 (18.55 to 39.67) | 32.16 (23.94 to 40.38) | 29.55 (18.70 to 40.40) | −0.44 (−16.56 to 15.67) | 1.000 | 2.61 (−13.50 to 18.72) | 1.000 | −3.05 (−19.17 to 13.06) | 1.000 | |
| Abduction | Week 6 | 34.94 (21.01 to 48.87) | 49.50 (34.72 to 64.27) | 46.14 (28.90 to 63.38) | −11.19 (−36.12 to 13.72) | 0.796 | 3.35 (−21.56 to 28.28) | 1.000 | −14.55 (−39.48 to 10.37) | 0.451 |
| Week 10 | 35.94 (21.75 to 50.13) | 50.05 (36.26 to 63.84) | 32.88 (15.81 to 49.96) | 3.05 (−21.39 to 27.51) | 1.000 | 17.16 (−7.28 to 41.62) | 0.258 | −14.11 (−38.56 to 10.34) | 0.465 | |
| Internal rotation | Week 6 | 24.47 (9.62 to 39.32) | 28.19 (18.79 to 37.58) | 22.02 (5.64 to 38.40) | 2.44 (−20.03 to 24.92) | 1.000 | 6.16 (−16.31 to 28.64) | 1.000 | −3.72 (−26.19 to 18.75) | 1.000 |
| Week 10 | 16.74 (−1.37 to 34.86) | 23.22 (12.54 to 33.89) | 18.55 (2.76 to 34.34) | −1.80 (−26.41 to 22.79) | 1.000 | 4.66 (−19.93 to 29.27) | 1.000 | −6.47 (−31.07 to 18.13) | 1.000 | |
| External Rotation | Week 6 | 30.00 (17.01 to 42.98) | 31.47 (20.77 to 42.16) | 31.55 (16.00 to 47.11) | −1.55 (−22.99 to 19.88) | 1.000 | −0.08 (−21.52 to 21.35) | 1.000 | −1.47 (−22.90 to 19.96) | 1.000 |
| Week 10 | 28.30 (14.67 to 41.93) | 28.36 (18.89 to 37.83) | 29.27 (11.08 to 47.47) | −0.97 (−24.01 to 22.07) | 1.000 | −0.91 (−23.96 to 22.12) | 1.000 | −0.05 (−23.09 to 22.98) | 1.000 | |