Table 2.
Sociodemographic Associations with EI/ECSE Referrals Resulting in Evaluation and Placement
| Evaluated | Placed | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All referrals | Evaluation completed |
Unadjusted RR |
Adjusted RR* |
Placement |
Unadjusted RR |
Adjusted RRa |
||||||||
| N |
% of total |
N |
RR |
99% CI |
RR |
99% CI |
% of evaluated |
N |
RR |
99% CI |
RR |
99% CI |
||
| EI | Overall | 24,788 | 63 | 15,508 | 69 | 10,676 | ||||||||
| Latino/a | Spanish | 2,707 | 66 | 1,794 | 1.07 | (1.02, 1.11) | 1.09 | (1.05, 1.13) | 65 | 1,161 | 0.93 | (0.89, 0.98) | 0.97 | (0.94, 1.01) |
| Bilingual | 906 | 66 | 594 | 1.05 | (0.99, 1.12) | 1.00 | (0.94, 1.07) | 71 | 422 | 1.02 | (0.96, 1.10) | 0.96 | (0.90, 1.02) | |
| English | 2,178 | 58 | 1,255 | 0.93 | (0.88, 0.97) | 0.96 | (0.92, 1.00) | 67 | 843 | 0.97 | (0.92, 1.02) | 0.98 | (0.95, 1.02) | |
| Non-Latino/a | Other Language | 1,210 | 66 | 797 | 1.06 | (1.00, 1.12) | 1.05 | (0.99, 1.11) | 72 | 571 | 1.03 | (0.97, 1.10) | 1.03 | (0.98, 1.09) |
| English | 17,787 | 62 | 11,068 | [ref] | [ref] | 69 | 7,679 | [ref] | [ref] | |||||
| Referral Source | Parents/family | 6,299 | 78 | 4,935 | [ref] | [ref] | 70 | 3,468 | [ref] | [ref] | ||||
| Physician/clinic | 13,861 | 54 | 7,472 | 0.69 | (0.67, 0.71) | 0.72 | (0.70, 0.74) | 67 | 5,015 | 0.96 | (0.93, 0.99) | 0.97 | (0.95, 1.00) | |
| Childcare/Head Start/Preschool | 828 | 67 | 553 | 0.85 | (0.80, 0.91) | 0.85 | (0.80, 0.91) | 66 | 365 | 0.94 | (0.86, 1.02) | 0.91 | (0.85, 0.98) | |
| Other sources | 3,800 | 67 | 2,548 | 0.86 | (0.83, 0.89) | 0.88 | (0.85, 0.91) | 72 | 1,828 | 1.02 | (0.98, 1.06) | 0.98 | (0.95, 1.01) | |
| ECSE | Overall | 12,717 | 64 | 8,153 | 83 | 6,765 | ||||||||
| Latino/a | Spanish | 1,229 | 65 | 803 | 1.02 | (0.97, 1.08) | 1.04 | (0.99, 1.10) | 79 | 632 | 0.95 | (0.90, 1.00) | 0.94 | (0.90, 0.99) |
| Bilingual | 408 | 68 | 276 | 1.06 | (0.97, 1.16) | 1.00 | (0.91, 1.09) | 81 | 224 | 0.98 | (0.90, 1.06) | 0.96 | (0.89, 1.04) | |
| English | 1,085 | 62 | 670 | 0.97 | (0.91, 1.03) | 0.98 | (0.93, 1.04) | 86 | 577 | 1.04 | (0.99, 1.08) | 1.01 | (0.97, 1.05) | |
| Non-Latino/a | Other Language | 525 | 67 | 353 | 1.05 | (0.97, 1.14) | 1.04 | (0.97, 1.12) | 87 | 308 | 1.05 | (1.00, 1.11) | 1.07 | (1.01, 1.13) |
| English | 9,470 | 64 | 6,051 | [ref] | [ref] | 83 | 5,024 | [ref] | [ref] | |||||
| Referral Source | Parents/family | 5,060 | 71 | 3,604 | [ref] | [ref] | 84 | 3,037 | [ref] | [ref] | ||||
| Physician/clinic | 3,474 | 54 | 1,866 | 0.75 | (0.72, 0.79) | 0.78 | (0.74, 0.81) | 81 | 1,520 | 0.97 | (0.93, 1.00) | 0.94 | (0.91, 0.97) | |
| Childcare/Head Start/Preschool | 2,738 | 65 | 1,792 | 0.92 | (0.88, 0.96) | 0.89 | (0.86, 0.93) | 79 | 1,414 | 0.94 | (0.90, 0.97) | 0.90 | (0.87, 0.93) | |
| Other sources | 1,445 | 62 | 891 | 0.87 | (0.82, 0.92) | 0.86 | (0.82, 0.91) | 89 | 794 | 1.06 | (1.02, 1.10) | 1.00 | (0.97, 1.04) | |
Note. [ref], reference group (non-Latino/a, English-speaking children); CI, confidence interval; EI, Early Intervention; ECSE, Early Childhood Special Education; RR, relative risk
a
Adjusted estimates from model with language/ethnicity, referral source, child sex, and Medicaid eligible.