Table 2. Association between explanatory variables and fistula awareness among women in Gambia.
| Variable | Model I | Model II |
|---|---|---|
| AOR (95% CI) | COR (95% CI) | |
| Age | ||
| 15–19 | Reference (1.0) | Reference (1.0) |
| 20–24 | 1.81*** (1.47–2.23) | 1.35* (1.07–1.70) |
| 25–29 | 2.38*** (1.96–2.90) | 1.55*** (1.20–2.02) |
| 30–34 | 2.92*** (2.38–3.58) | 1.70*** (1.26–2.28) |
| 35–39 | 2.88*** (2.34–3.55) | 1.68** (1.23–2.29) |
| 40–44 | 2.89*** (2.30–3.62) | 1.71** (1.23–2.38) |
| 45–49 | 3.94*** (3.11–4.99) | 2.19*** (1.55–3.10) |
| Marital status | ||
| Not married | 0.54*** (0.47–0.62) | 0.70* (0.53–0.92) |
| Married | Reference (1.0) | Reference (1.0) |
| Cohabiting | 0.84 (0.19–3.68) | 0.65 (0.15–2.84) |
| Widowed | 0.99 (0.62–1.53) | 0.83 (0.53–1.32) |
| Divorced | 1.11 (0.84–1.46) | 0.86 (0.64–1.17) |
| Parity | ||
| No birth | Reference (1.0) | Reference (1.0) |
| One birth | 1.28* (1.06–1.55) | 0.96 (0.73–1.24) |
| Two births | 1.40*** (1.15–1.71) | 0.91 (0.70–1.20) |
| Three births | 1.69*** (1.40–2.05) | 1.05 (0.79–1.39) |
| Four or more births | 1.92*** (1.68–2.20) | 1.24 (0.94–1.61) |
| Employment status | ||
| Not working | Reference (1.0) | Reference (1.0) |
| Working | 1.88*** (1.66–2.12) | 1.43*** (1.25–1.64) |
| Religion | ||
| Islam | Reference (1.0) | Reference (1.0) |
| Christianity | 1.60*** (1.18–2.17) | 1.22 (0.86–1.71) |
| Other | 3.40 (0.31–37.55) | 1.06 (0.89–12.74) |
| Frequency of reading newspaper | ||
| Not at all | Reference (1.0) | Reference (1.0) |
| Less than once a week | 1.68*** (1.42–1.99) | 1.30** (1.06–1.58) |
| At least once a week | 2.15*** (1.64–2.83) | 1.13 (0.82–1.56) |
| Frequency of listening radio | ||
| Not at all | Reference (1.0) | Reference (1.0) |
| Less than once a week | 1.25*** (1.07–1.44) | 1.16 (0.99–1.36) |
| At least once a week | 1.42*** (1.23–1.64) | 1.19* (1.02–1.39) |
| Frequency of watching TV | ||
| Not at all | 0.93 (0.81–1.06) | 1.04 (0.87–1.23) |
| Less than once a week | 0.85* (0.74–0.97) | 0.97 (0.84–1.12) |
| At least once a week | Reference (1.0) | Reference (1.0) |
| Wealth index | ||
| Poorest | Reference (1.0) | Reference (1.0) |
| Poorer | 0.85 (0.72–1.01) | 0.93 (0.77–1.12) |
| Middle | 0.99 (0.84–1.16) | 1.05 (0.861.29) |
| Richer | 0.95 (0.81–1.13) | 0.98 (0.76–1.26) |
| Richest | 1.46*** (1.25–1.70) | 1.22 (0.93–1.61) |
| Level of education | ||
| No education | Reference (1.0) | Reference (1.0) |
| Primary | 1.09 (0.93–1.28) | 1.35*** (1.14–1.59) |
| Secondary | 0.95 (0.84–1.08) | 1.38*** (1.17–1.62) |
| Higher | 3.27*** (2.70–3.96) | 3.54*** (2.74–4.59) |
| Sexual activity | ||
| Never had sex | 0.53*** (0.46–0.61) | 1.03 (0.74–1.43) |
| Ever had sex | Reference (1.0) | Reference (1.0) |
| Ever terminated a pregnancy | ||
| No | Reference (1.0) | Reference (1.0) |
| Yes | 1.58*** (1.39–1.79) | 1.21*** (1.06–1.40) |
| Region | ||
| Banjul | Reference (1.0) | Reference (1.0) |
| Kanifing | 0.93 (0.74–1.17) | 0.96 (0.75–1.21) |
| Brikama | 0.83 (0.68–1.04) | 0.95 (0.75–1.20) |
| Mansakonko | 1.12 (0.88–1.432) | 1.60** (1.17–2.18) |
| Kerewan | 0.65*** (0.51–0.83) | 0.95 (0.70–1.30) |
| Juntaur | 1.12 (0.89–1.41) | 1.92*** (1.39–2.65) |
| Janjanbureh | 0.55*** (0.42–0.72) | 0.85 (0.60–1.20) |
| Basse | 0.69** (0.55–0.87) | 1.13 (0.83–1.54) |
| Community literacy level | ||
| Low | Reference (1.0) | Reference (1.0) |
| Medium | 1.05 (1.10–1.43) | 1.13 (0.95–1.35) |
| High | 1.26*** (1.10–1.43) | 1.12 (0.88–1.44) |
| Community poverty level | ||
| Low | Reference (1.0) | Reference (1.0) |
| Moderate | 0.88 (0.74–1.05) | 0.90 (0.73–1.12) |
| High | 1.29*** (1.15–1.45) | 1.17 (0.91–1.51) |
{***} {**} {*} shows 1%, 5% and 10% significance respectively
AOR: Adjusted odds ratio
COR: Crude odds ratio
Model I: Bivariate analysis between fistula awareness and each explanatory variable
Model II: Multivariate analysis between fistula awareness and the explanatory variables