Table 4. Cox proportional survival multivariable-adjusted analyses^a among the most three common South Texas childhood cancer diagnosis groups.

Covariates	Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (n = 1,311)		Brain Cancer (n = 819)		Bone Cancer (n = 308)
	HR (95%CI)	P	HR (95%CI)	P	HR (95%CI)	P
Gender (male vs. female)	1.13 (0.80 to 1.44)	0.33	1.03 (0.78 to 1.36)	0.86	0.93 (0.59 to 1.47)	0.77
Age at diagnosis (years)
<1 vs. 1–4	7.08 (4.16 to 12.05)	< .0001	1.28 (0.70 to 2.32)	0.43	─	0.99
5–9 vs. 1–4	1.51 (1.04 to 2.20)	0.03	1.13 (0.77 to 1.65)	0.55	3.80 (0.49 to 29.19)	0.20
10–14 vs. 1–4	2.70 (1.86 to 3.90)	< .0001	1.13 (0.73 to 1.76)	0.58	4.17 (0.56 to 31.24)	0.16
15–19 vs. 1–4	6.76 (4.80 to 9.51)	< .0001	1.05 (0.67 to 1.64)	0.84	4.88 (0.64 to 37.17)	0.13
Race/ethnicity
Hispanics vs. NHW	1.66 (1.13 to 2.44)	0.01	1.52 (1.05 to 2.20)	0.03	1.55 (0.82 to 2.91)	0.18
Others vs. NHW	1.36 (0.59 to 3.11)	0.47	0.73 (0.26 to 2.07)	0.55	1.71 (0.52 to 5.58)	0.38
Residence (rural vs. urban)	0.88 (0.59 to 1.32)	0.54	1.20 (0.79 to 1.82)	0.38	1.30 (0.69 to 2.43)	0.42
Stage
Regional vs. localized	─		0.78 (0.48 to 1.28)	0.33	1.76 (0.99 to 3.15)	0.06
Distant vs. localized	─		1.31 (0.82 to 2.08)	0.26	2.83 (1.67 to 4.82)	0.0001
Surgery (yes vs. no)	─		0.47 (0.35 to 0.63)	<0.0001	0.76 (0.48 to 1.21)	0.25
Chemotherapy (yes vs. no)	0.77 (0.51 to 1.18)	0.24	2.61 (1.92 to 3.56)	<0.0001	1.29 (0.70 to 2.41)	0.42
Radiology (yes vs. no)	1.42 (0.81 to 1.49)	0.23	1.56 (1.10 to 2.21)	0.01	0.82 (0.32 to 2.11)	0.69

HR: hazard ratio, CI: confidence interval.

─ No data was available due to very small number.

^a The results were generated with the adjustment of gender, race/ethnicity, urban/rural residence, stage and diagnosis age.

^b All patients with ALL had received surgery; the stage for almost all patients with ALL (99.9%) was regional, so the hazard ratio was not able to be estimated.