Table 1.
Overview of causes, workup and treatment of leukocytoclastic vasculitis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
| Causes | Relevant evaluations | Treatment options |
|---|---|---|
| Primary cutaneous vasculitis | Complete Blood Count | Corticosteroids |
| Concurrent systemic vasculitis | Comprehensive Metabolic Panel | Immunosuppresants |
| Drug induced | Urinalysis with sediment | Azathioprine |
| Antibiotics (e.g., beta lactams) | ANCA panel | Methotrexate |
| NSAIDs | ANA panel | Cyclophosphamide |
| Biologics (e.g., anti-TNFs) | ENA panel | Biologics |
| Infection or malignancy related | Cryoglobulins | Infliximaba |
| Rheumatoid Factor | Adalimumaba | |
| Anti-myeloperoxidase antibodies | Abatacept | |
| Anti-double stranded DNA antibodies | Vedolizumab | |
| Complement (C3 and C4) | Plasma Exchange | |
| Immunoglobulins (Total IgG, IgM) | Intravenous immunoglobulin | |
| Skin biopsy with direct immunofluorescence | Adjuvants | |
| ± Cross-sectional imaging | Colchicine | |
| Dapsone |
aCan be considered if not suspected as the cause of leukocytoclastic vasculitis