Table 1.
Basic characteristics of participants by family PIR.
| Characteristics | Low income (PIR < 1, N=456) | Middle income (PIR 1-4, N=811) |
High income (PIR ≥ 4, N=307) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 15.60 ± 2.34 | 15.15 ± 2.20 | 15.50 ± 2.15 | 0.001 |
| Sex, n (%) | 0.089 | |||
| Male | 231 (50.66%) | 444 (54.75%) | 147 (47.88%) | |
| Female | 225 (49.34%) | 367 (45.25%) | 160 (52.12%) | |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 113 (24.78%) | 269 (33.17%) | 147 (47.88%) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 154 (33.77%) | 198 (24.41%) | 33 (10.75%) | |
| Mexican American | 68 (14.91%) | 141 (17.39%) | 28 (9.12%) | |
| Other race/multiracial | 121 (26.54%) | 203 (25.03%) | 99 (32.25%) | |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 0.409 | |||
| Yes | 2 (0.44%) | 7 (0.86%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| No | 448 (98.25%) | 796 (98.15%) | 306 (99.67%) | |
| Borderline | 6 (1.32%) | 8 (0.99%) | 1 (0.33%) | |
| Days of physical activities, n (%) |
0.060 | |||
| 0-3 | 157 (34.45%) | 288 (30.53%) | 89 (28.87%) | |
| 4-7 | 299 (65.55%) | 523 (69.47%) | 218 (71.13%) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.49 ± 7.13 | 25.05 ± 7.14 | 23.48 ± 5.38 | <0.001 |
| < 25 25-30 >30 |
259 (57.43%) 94 (20.84%) 98 (21.73%) |
487 (60.42%) 154 (19.11%) 165 (20.47%) |
212 (69.51%) 62 (20.33%) 31 (10.16%) |
|
| Triglycerides (mg./L) HDL-C (mg/L) LDL-C (mg/L) |
72.04 ± 43.60 50.37 ± 11.27 89.46 ± 26.94 |
68.28 ± 39.86 51.88 ± 12.39 85.87 ± 24.57 |
69.88 ± 30.51 52.56 ± 11.45 89.22 ± 25.85 |
0.595 0.040 0.237 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 84.49 ± 17.31 | 83.88 ± 16.71 | 80.38 ± 13.06 | 0.002 |
| Median CAP (dB/m) | 227.27 ± 56.45 | 223.58 ± 54.16 | 210.83 ± 48.88 | <0.001 |
Mean ± SD for continuous variables: the P value was calculated by the weighted linear regression model.
(%) for categorical variables: the P value was calculated by the weighted chi-square test.
PIR, Ratio of family income to poverty; BMI, body mass index; HDL-C, High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; CAP, Controlled Attenuation Parameter.