Table 2:
Discovery (FinnGen) and Replication (UKB) Results for Replicated Viral/NDD Pairs
| NDD | Virus_Description | Cohort | hr/or | ci_min | ci_max | P | N | P, FDR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AD | Viral encephalitis, not elsewhere classified/unspecified* | FinnGen | 30.72 | 11.84 | 79.68 | 1.89E-12 | 24 | 1.26E-11 |
| AD | Viral encephalitis, not elsewhere classified/unspecified* | UKB | 22.06 | 5.47 | 88.94 | 1.37E-05 | 3 | 5.47E-05 |
| AD | Viral and other specified intestinal infections | FinnGen | 3.03 | 1.73 | 5.32 | 1.08E-04 | 122 | 3.59E-04 |
| AD | Viral and other specified intestinal infections | UKB | 3.09 | 1.93 | 4.96 | 2.63E-06 | 19 | 1.32E-05 |
| AD | Influenza and pneumonia* | FinnGen | 4.11 | 3.38 | 4.99 | 4.01E-46 | 2141 | 8.03E-45 |
| AD | Influenza and pneumonia* | UKB | 2.60 | 2.25 | 2.99 | 5.47E-40 | 231 | 1.09E-38 |
| AD | Meningitis* | FinnGen | 2.81 | 1.39 | 5.67 | 3.95E-03 | 33 | 7.47E-03 |
| AD | Meningitis* | UKB | 62.20 | 18.35 | 210.78 | 3.29E-11 | 6 | 2.20E-10 |
| ALS | Influenza and pneumonia* | FinnGen | 1.81 | 1.35 | 2.43 | 7.09E-05 | 53 | 7.09E-05 |
| ALS | Influenza and pneumonia* | UKB | 7.91 | 6.02 | 10.40 | 1.08E-49 | 76 | 5.38E-49 |
| DEM | Viral encephalitis, not elsewhere classified/unspecified* | FinnGen | 6.56 | 1.60 | 26.97 | 9.05E-03 | 48 | 2.17E-02 |
| DEM | Viral encephalitis, not elsewhere classified/unspecified* | UKB | 40.12 | 12.09 | 133.14 | 1.61E-09 | 5 | 5.07E-09 |
| DEM | Other viral diseases, not elsewhere classified* | FinnGen | 2.01 | 1.20 | 3.36 | 7.98E-03 | 144 | 2.17E-02 |
| DEM | Other viral diseases, not elsewhere classified* | UKB | 3.24 | 2.19 | 4.81 | 5.02E-09 | 27 | 1.38E-08 |
| DEM | Viral warts | FinnGen | 3.70 | 2.23 | 6.14 | 3.83E-07 | 74 | 3.07E-06 |
| DEM | Viral warts | UKB | 2.38 | 1.29 | 4.39 | 5.31E-03 | 11 | 7.30E-03 |
| DEM | All influenza* | FinnGen | 5.07 | 3.06 | 8.41 | 3.04E-10 | 348 | 3.65E-09 |
| DEM | All influenza* | UKB | 4.56 | 2.56 | 8.13 | 2.55E-07 | 13 | 5.10E-07 |
| DEM | Influenza and pneumonia* | FinnGen | 2.87 | 2.40 | 3.43 | 6.78E-31 | 3174 | 1.63E-29 |
| DEM | Influenza and pneumonia* | UKB | 6.12 | 5.48 | 6.85 | 1.63E-222 | 439 | 3.59E-221 |
| DEM | Viral pneumonia* | FinnGen | 3.48 | 2.00 | 6.04 | 1.01E-05 | 104 | 6.04E-05 |
| DEM | Viral pneumonia* | UKB | 4.44 | 1.90 | 10.36 | 5.59E-04 | 6 | 8.78E-04 |
| MS | Herpesviral [herpes simplex] infections* | FinnGen | 1.91 | 1.14 | 3.22 | 1.45E-02 | 19 | 2.60E-02 |
| MS | Herpesviral [herpes simplex] infections* | UKB | 4.95 | 1.28 | 19.12 | 2.03E-02 | 3 | 4.05E-02 |
| MS | Varicella-zoster virus (Zoster [herpes zoster])* | FinnGen | 2.12 | 1.09 | 4.12 | 2.66E-02 | 11 | 3.98E-02 |
| MS | Varicella-zoster virus (Zoster [herpes zoster])* | UKB | 3.76 | 1.18 | 12.00 | 2.54E-02 | 5 | 4.57E-02 |
| PD | Viral hepatitis* | FinnGen | 2.88 | 1.37 | 6.05 | 5.13E-03 | 14 | 1.37E-02 |
| PD | Viral hepatitis* | UKB | 2.20 | 1.06 | 4.55 | 3.43E-02 | 8 | 4.66E-02 |
| PD | Viral infections characterized by skin and mucous membrane lesions | FinnGen | 1.58 | 1.18 | 2.13 | 2.44E-03 | 77 | 1.37E-02 |
| PD | Viral infections characterized by skin and mucous membrane lesions | UKB | 2.46 | 1.70 | 3.56 | 1.88E-06 | 31 | 5.10E-06 |
| PD | All influenza (not pneumonia)* | FinnGen | 2.01 | 1.23 | 3.31 | 5.71E-03 | 36 | 1.37E-02 |
| PD | All influenza (not pneumonia)* | UKB | 3.69 | 2.06 | 6.59 | 1.05E-05 | 13 | 2.49E-05 |
| PD | All influenza* | FinnGen | 1.84 | 1.20 | 2.83 | 5.48E-03 | 51 | 1.37E-02 |
| PD | All influenza* | UKB | 4.31 | 2.50 | 7.43 | 1.55E-07 | 15 | 4.91E-07 |
| PD | Influenza and pneumonia* | FinnGen | 1.72 | 1.48 | 1.99 | 1.27E-12 | 418 | 1.52E-11 |
| PD | Influenza and pneumonia* | UKB | 2.98 | 2.62 | 3.38 | 1.34E-63 | 294 | 1.27E-62 |
| VAS | Viral and other specified intestinal infections | FinnGen | 2.79 | 1.59 | 4.89 | 3.61E-04 | 45 | 5.06E-04 |
| VAS | Viral and other specified intestinal infections | UKB | 5.26 | 2.31 | 11.95 | 7.37E-05 | 6 | 1.37E-04 |
| VAS | Varicella-zoster virus (Zoster [herpes zoster])* | FinnGen | 2.33 | 1.25 | 4.36 | 7.77E-03 | 33 | 9.07E-03 |
| VAS | Varicella-zoster virus (Zoster [herpes zoster])* | UKB | 6.22 | 2.27 | 17.00 | 3.71E-04 | 4 | 6.03E-04 |
| VAS | All influenza* | FinnGen | 2.96 | 1.66 | 5.27 | 2.36E-04 | 71 | 4.13E-04 |
| VAS | All influenza* | UKB | 4.99 | 1.57 | 15.83 | 6.39E-03 | 3 | 6.92E-03 |
| VAS | Influenza and pneumonia* | FinnGen | 4.62 | 3.81 | 5.59 | 1.73E-55 | 708 | 1.21E-54 |
| VAS | Influenza and pneumonia* | UKB | 6.79 | 5.40 | 8.53 | 9.63E-61 | 103 | 1.25E-59 |
Discovery (FinnGen, reporting hazard ratios) and replication (UKB, reporting odds ratios) analyses showing the 22 replicated associations between virus exposures and neurodegenerative diseases. In this table N reflects the overlapping count of samples with both virus and neurodegenerative disease exposures. The final column for each phase denotes the FDR corrected p-value. Meningitis includes both viral and bacterial codes.
*
denotes potentially neurotropic virus coding derived from EMR. As a note, “influenza and pneumonia” is a super-set of “all influenza”.