Table 3.
Multivariable analyses of neuropsychological and behavioral assessment z-scores for comparison of each cohort.
| Domain | Adjusted beta (95% CI) Early-ART vs. CHUUa | P | Adjusted beta (95% CI) Late-ART vs. CHUUb | P | Adjusted beta (95%CI) Late- vs. early-ARTc | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Global cognitive ability | −0.32 (−0.59, −0.04) | 0.02 | −0.60 (−1.06, −0.14) | 0.01 | −0.46 (−0.81, −0.12) | 0.009 |
| Short-term memory | −0.41 (−0.71, −0.11) | 0.009 | −0.73 (−1.16, −0.29) | 0.001 | −0.51 (−0.88 –0.14) | 0.008 |
| Visuospatial processing | −0.24 (−0.56, 0.08) | 0.1 | −0.57 (−1.13, −0.01) | 0.05 | −0.42 (−0.81, −0.03) | 0.04 |
| Learning | −0.09 (−0.49, 0.31) | 0.7 | −0.22 (−0.86, 0.43) | 0.5 | −0.54 (−1.00, −0.08) | 0.02 |
| Planning | −0.29 (−0.68, 0.09) | 0.1 | −0.39 (−0.99, 0.20) | 0.2 | −0.18 (−0.60, 0.23) | 0.4 |
| Nonverbal test performance | −0.26 (−0.59, 0.06) | 0.1 | −0.59 (−1.09, −0.08) | 0.02 | −0.50 (−0.86, −0.13) | 0.009 |
| Delayed memory | −0.36 (−0.69, −0.04) | 0.03 | −0.33 (−0.85, 0.20) | 0.2 | −0.30 (−0.75, 0.15) | 0.2 |
| Attention | −0.29 (−0.67, 0.09) | 0.1 | −0.46 (−1.00, 0.09) | 0.1 | −0.16 (−0.56, 0.25) | 0.4 |
| Processing speed | −0.88 (−1.47, −0.29) | 0.004 | −1.05 (−2.06, −0.03) | 0.04 | −0.21 (−0.92, 0.50) | 0.6 |
| Executive function | −0.29 (−0.68, 0.09) | 0.1 | −0.61 (−1.19, −0.03) | 0.04 | −0.51 (−1.03, 0.01) | 0.05 |
| Behavioral regulation | −0.39 (−0.77, −0.02) | 0.04 | −0.47 (−1.05, 0.11) | 0.1 | −0.19 (−0.75, 0.38) | 0.5 |
| Metacognition | −0.29 (−0.72, 0.13) | 0.2 | −0.65 (−1.25, −0.06) | 0.03 | −0.50 (−1.10, 0.07) | 0.09 |
| Motor | −0.18 (−0.46, 0.10) | 0.2 | −0.69 (−1.13, −0.26) | 0.002 | −0.62 (−1.00, −0.24) | 0.002 |
|
| ||||||
| Number domains P ≤0.05 | 5 (38.4) | 8 (61.5) | 7 (53.8) | |||
Multivariable analyses were adjusted for living in a one room house and household hunger for analyes of each cohort of CWHIV vs. CHUU. Multivariable analyses were adjusted for living in a one room house only for analyses of children with late- vs. early-ART. Z-scores presented for executive function, behavioral regulation and metacognition were calculated by reversing the standard scores. CI, confidence interval. CHUU, children HIV-unexposed uninfected; CWHIV, children with HIV; ART, antiretroviral therapy. Bold text denotes P ≤0.05.
N=111 except Planning, N=54; Delayed memory, N=94; Nonverbal, Executive function, N=110 except Attention, Processing speed, N=97.
N=85 except Planning, N=54; Delayed memory, N=72; Attention, N=78; Processing speed, N=79; Executive function, Behavioral regulation, and Metacognition, N=87.
N=79 except Planning, N=52; Nonverbal, N=78, Delayed memory, N=66; Attention, N=70, Processing speed, N=71; Executive function, N=76; Behavior regulation, Metacognition, Motor, N=77.