Table 2.
Bioelectrical Analysis Between Sex, Age, and BMI-matched White and Black Adults
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| Total (n = 100) | White* (n = 50) | Black (n = 50) | Female (n = 66) | Male (n = 34) | d (95%CI)a | d (95%CI)b | d (95%CI)c | |||
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| White* | Black | White* | Black | |||||||
| 5 kHz | ||||||||||
| Impedance (Ω) | 649.7 ± 105.8 | 636.9 ± 97.8 | 662.6 ± 112.7 | 677.2 ± 87.8 | 699.3 ± 115.3 | 558.7 ± 63.7 | 591.3 ± 64.0 | 0.24 (−0.15, 0.64) | 0.22 (−0.27, 0.70) | 0.51 (−0.18, 1.18) |
| Phase angle (°) | 3.12 ± 0.58 | 3.17 ± 0.59 | 3.07 ± 0.56 | 2.92 ± 0.46 | 2.89 ± 0.41 | 3.67 ± 0.51 | 3.42 ± 0.64 | 0.18 (−0.21, 0.58) | 0.07 (−0.42, 0.55) | 0.43 (−0.26, 1.10) |
| Resistance (Ω) | 650.5 ± 105.1 | 636.0 ± 97.94 | 665.0 ± 110.9 | 676.3 ± 87.8 | 703.6 ± 110.8 | 557.9 ± 64.1 | 590.2 ± 64.1 | 0.28 (−0.12, 0.67) | 0.27 (−0.21, 0.76) | 0.51 (−0.18, 1.18) |
| Reactance (Ω) | 35.0 ± 5.3 | 34.6 ± 5.0 | 35.3 ± 5.6 | 34.0 ± 4.6 | 35.4 ± 5.3 | 35.6 ± 5.7 | 35.1 ± 6.1 | 0.14 (−0.26, 0.53) | 0.27 (−0.22, 0.76) | 0.09 (−0.58, 0.76) |
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| 50 kHz | ||||||||||
| Impedance (Ω) | 562.6 ± 99.1 | 546.8 ± 93.7 | 578.4 ± 102.7 | 586.4 ± 84.1 | 614.1 ± 100.9 | 469.9 ± 57.0 | 509.1 ± 64.8 | 0.32 (−0.07, 0.72) | 0.30 (−0.19, 0.78) | 0.64 (−0.05, 1.33) |
| Phase angle (°) | 6.59 ± 0.94 | 6.60 ± 0.94 | 6.57 ± 0.94 | 6.22 ± 0.74 | 6.23 ± 0.69 | 7.36 ± 0.84 | 7.22 ± 1.03 | 0.04 (−0.35, 0.43) | 0.02 (−0.46, 0.50) | 0.15 (−0.53, 0.82) |
| Resistance (Ω) | 559.3 ± 99.7 | 546.8 ± 95.2 | 571.9 ± 103.5 | 587.9 ± 83.9 | 610.4 ± 100.6 | 466.9 ± 58.2 | 497.2 ± 59.9 | 0.25 (−0.14, 0.65) | 0.24 (−0.24, 0.73) | 0.51 (−0.17, 1.19) |
| Reactance (Ω) | 63.8 ± 9.2 | 62.2 ± 7.8 | 65.4 ± 10.2 | 63.4 ± 7.8 | 66.8 ± 10.8 | 59.9 ± 7.5 | 62.5 ± 8.4 | 0.35 (−0.05, 0.74) | 0.36 (−0.13, 0.85) | 0.33 (−0.35, 1.00) |
| R/H (Ω/m) | 333.9 ± 68.8 | 325.2 ± 64.1 | 342.7 ± 72.7 | 356.9 ± 52.1 | 374.4 ± 67.0 | 263.7 ± 32.4 | 281.0 ± 33.0 | 0.25 (−0.14, 0.65) | 0.29 (−0.20, 0.78) | 0.53 (−0.16, 1.21) |
| Xc/H (Ω/m) | 38.0 ± 6.3 | 36.9 ± 5.3 | 39.1 ± 7.0 | 38.5 ± 5.1 | 41.0 ± 7.1 | 33.8 ± 4.2 | 35.4 ± 5.3 | 0.35 (−0.05, 0.74) | 0.39 (−0.10, 0.88) | 0.34 (−0.34, 1.01) |
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| 250 kHz | ||||||||||
| Impedance (Ω) | 498.7 ± 91.9 | 487.2 ± 88.4 | 510.2 ± 94.8 | 525.8 ± 77.9 | 546.5 ± 90.6 | 412.3 ± 52.6 | 439.5 ± 55.8 | 0.25 (−0.14, 0.64) | 0.25 (−0.24, 0.73) | 0.50 (−0.18, 1.18) |
| Phase angle (°) | 4.38 ± 0.63 | 4.44 ± 0.61 | 4.33 ± 0.66 | 4.32 ± 0.55 | 4.21 ± 0.69 | 4.66 ± 0.67 | 4.57 ± 0.55 | 0.16 (−0.23, 0.55) | 0.18 (−0.31, 0.65) | 0.14 (−0.54, 0.81) |
| Resistance (Ω) | 498.7 ± 93.0 | 486.1 ± 88.2 | 511.4 ± 96.8 | 524.8 ± 77.5 | 549.2 ± 92.0 | 410.9 ± 52.5 | 438.2 ± 55.8 | 0.27 (−0.12, 0.67) | 0.29 (−0.20, 0.77) | 0.50 (−0.18, 1.18) |
| Reactance (Ω) | 37.8 ± 7.4 | 37.4 ± 6.8 | 38.2 ± 8.0 | 39.5 ± 6.4 | 40.0 ± 8.8 | 33.4 ± 5.6 | 34.8 ± 4.6 | 0.12 (−0.28, 0.51) | 0.07 (−0.41, 0.55) | 0.29 (−0.39, 0.96) |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Statistical significance is determined by independent t-tests and effect sizes are reported as Cohen’s d (95% confidence interval).
a
= Cohen’s d for race comparisons in the total sample;
b
= Cohen’s d for race comparisons in female participants;
c
= Cohen’s d for race comparisons in male participants.
*
= not significantly different from Black participants at p < 0.050 across all measurements.
R/H: resistance/height in meters; Xc/H: reactance/height in meters.