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. 2023 Mar 24;14:1120250. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1120250

Table 1.

Potential predictors of self-rated fibromyalgia onset by baseline muscle pain.

Baseline No marked muscle pain n = 136,423 Marked muscle pain n = 7,481
No FM n = 135,738 FM onset n = 685 P value No FM n = −7,200 FM onset n = 281 P value Baseline FM n = 4,710
Females 57.0% 89.2% <0.001 63.6% 87.2% <0.001 91.1%
Married/cohabiting 80.5% 81.9% ns 77.8% 78.6% ns 81.4%
Off sick 2.4% 7.3% <0.001 10.4% 12.2% ns 13.1%
Low income 15% 20.5% <0.001 21.2% 24.8% ns 21.6%
Few years education 27.9% 38.2% <0.001 37.9% 41.9%% ns 43.6%
Allergies 4+ 3.0% 6.8% <0.001 5.1% 8.9% 0.002 8.3%
Eczema 15.2% 19.9% 0.001 16.8% 20.6% ns 20.2%
Chronic sinusitis 5.0% 11.1% <0.001 10.5% 17.4% p < 0.001 14.1%
Stomach ulcer 2.3% 3.9% 0.004 5.2% 6.8% ns 7.0%
Gallstones 3.2% 7.9% <0.001 5.6% 7.8% ns 9.6%
COPD/Bronchitis 4.8% 8.8% <0.001 9.2% 13.5% 0.015 11.8%
Chronic cystitis 1.6% 5.7% <0.001 4.1% 6.0% ns 6.0%
GERD 6.3% 15.0% <0.001 16.2% 24.6% p < 0.001 26.0%
Osteoarthritis 6.3% 18.4% <0.001 16.7% 24.6% 0.001 23.8%
RA 1.7% 7.2% <0.001 5.4% 11.4% p < 0.001 7.3%
IBS 8.4% 26.3% <0.001 16.4% 24.6% p < 0.001 33.7%
CFS 0.9% 2.6% <0.001 4.3% 6.8% 0.044 9.3%
PID 5.9% 9.1% 0.001 12.9% 16.0% ns 11.2%
RSI 2.0% 4.2% <0.001 4.0% 4.3 ns 3.9%
Migraine 17.5% 32.7% <0.001 24.7 30.6 0.027 34.5%
Paracetamol >50 pa 10.0% 21.9% <0.001 26.8 34.5 0.004 33.8%
No contact healthcare 1 year 8.3% 3.1% <0.001 3.4 2.1 ns 2.1%
Continuous variables
Mean age 44.0 (12.8) 46.2 (11.7) <0.001 45.5 (12.9) 46.3 (12.0) Ns 48.7 (10.9)
Mean BMI 25.9 (4.2) 27.2 (4.9) <0.001 26.9 (4.9) 27.5 (5.3) 0.024 27.7 (5.2)
Life events & difficulties score 2.6 (1.7) 3.0 (1.8) <0.001 3.2 (1.7) 3.3 (1.7) ns 3.09 (1.75)
PSQI 3.8 (2.2) 5.4 (3.8) <0.001 4.9 (2.7) 6.3 (3.5) p < 0.001 5.4 (3.0)
Score SCL Somatization 15.5 (3.6) 18.9 (4.7) <0.001 24.8 (6.4) 26.4 (6.1) p < 0.001 22.8 (6.7)
General health perception −0.08 (0.6) −0.36 (0.67) <0.001 −0.53 (0.72) −0.77 (0.7) 0.004 −0.63 (0.73)

FM, fibromyalgia; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; IBS, irritable bowel syndrome; CFS, chronic fatigue syndrome; PID, prolapsed intervertebral dis; RSI, repetitive strain injury; GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disorder; PSQI, Pittsburgh sleep quality inventory; SCL, symptom checklist.