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AST protected HK-2 cells from doxSA-induced mitochondrial damage. (A) doxSA-induced ATP depletion, (B) percentage of annexin-positive apoptosis in cells with (a) doxSA treatment and (b) doxSA treatment with AST. Representative images of (C) immunostaining for cleaved Caspase 3, (D) rhodamine uptake and (E) immunostaining for Tom20 in (a) control, (b) doxSA (5 μM)-treated, (c) doxSA (5 μM) +AST (200 μM)-treated, and (d) AST (200 μM)-treated cells have been shown. Scale bar = 100 μm.
