TABLE 3.
Patient demographics stratified by postoperative acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
| Variable | Overall, N = 20,099 | No AMI, N = 17,636 | AMI, N = 2,463 |
| Gender (female) | 8,762 (44%) | 7,728 (44%) | 1,034 (42%) |
| Age | 63.00 (13.34) | 63.00 (13.38) | 65.00 (12.89) |
| Race | |||
| Chinese | 12,702 (63%) | 11,144 (63%) | 1,558 (63%) |
| Indian | 3,334 (17%) | 3,012 (17%) | 322 (13%) |
| Malay | 2,948 (15%) | 2,497 (14%) | 451 (18%) |
| Others | 1,115 (5.5%) | 983 (5.6%) | 132 (5.4%) |
| BMI class | |||
| Normal | 6,816 (39%) | 5,855 (38%) | 961 (43%) |
| Overweight (BMI > 25.) | 10,312 (58%) | 9,119 (59%) | 1,193 (53%) |
| Underweight (BMI < 18.5) | 573 (3.2%) | 475 (3.1%) | 98 (4.4%) |
| ASA status | |||
| 1 and 2 | 7,747 (40%) | 7,338 (43%) | 409 (17%) |
| 3 | 11,064 (57%) | 9,267 (54%) | 1,797 (73%) |
| 4 | 708 (3.6%) | 460 (2.7%) | 248 (10%) |
| ESRF | 3,187 (17%) | 2,077 (12%) | 1,110 (45%) |
| Type of surgery | |||
| Bowel operation | 1,794 (8.9%) | 1,569 (8.9%) | 225 (9.1%) |
| Thoracic operation | 234 (1.2%) | 221 (1.3%) | 13 (0.5%) |
| Neurosurgery | 166 (0.8%) | 146 (0.8%) | 20 (0.8%) |
| Vascular operation | 3,464 (17%) | 2,683 (15%) | 781 (32%) |
| Raw RCRI score | |||
| 0 | 9,122 (45%) | 8,527 (48%) | 595 (24%) |
| 1 | 5,918 (29%) | 5,344 (30%) | 574 (23%) |
| 2 | 2,945 (15%) | 2,330 (13%) | 615 (25%) |
| 3 | 1,553 (7.7%) | 1,119 (6.3%) | 434 (18%) |
| 4 | 494 (2.5%) | 279 (1.6%) | 215 (8.7%) |
| 5 | 67 (0.3%) | 37 (0.2%) | 30 (1.2%) |
| Raw substituted HH – RCRI score | |||
| 0 | 6,800 (34%) | 6,540 (37%) | 260 (11%) |
| 1 | 7,553 (38%) | 6,739 (38%) | 814 (33%) |
| 2 | 3,536 (18%) | 2,858 (16%) | 678 (28%) |
| 3 | 1,636 (8.1%) | 1,157 (6.6%) | 479 (19%) |
| 4 | 506 (2.5%) | 315 (1.8%) | 191 (7.8%) |
| 5 | 67 (0.3%) | 26 (0.1%) | 41 (1.7%) |
| 6 | 1 (<0.1%) | 1 (<0.1%) | 0 (0%) |
| Preoperative HbA1C | 7.40 (2.08) | 7.50 (2.09) | 7.30 (1.99) |
| Preoperative hemoglobin (g.dL–1) | 11.8 (2.3) | 12.1 (2.2) | 9.7 (2.1) |
| HH Ratio | 0.66 (0.23) | 0.65 (0.22) | 0.74 (0.26) |
| Emergency operation | 6,710 (41%) | 5,602 (39%) | 1,108 (59%) |
| Duration of surgery (min) | 95.00 (119.91) | 95.00 (120.36) | 100.00 (116.77) |
| Total red blood cells transfused (ml) | 276.00 (25.63) | 277.00 (27.79) | 273.00 (20.43) |
| n (%); Median (SD) | |||
RCRI, lee’s revised cardiac risk index; HH ratio, hemoglobin/HbA1C ratio; AMI, acute myocardial injury; AKI, acute kidney injury.