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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2021 Nov 2;149(5):1802–1806.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.10.024

Table 2.

Energy biomarker distributions among children with and without recurrent wheeze from age 2–5 years and asthma at age 5 years.

No recurrent wheeze at 2 years/Recurrent wheeze at 2 years No recurrent wheeze at 3 years/Recurrent wheeze at 3 years No recurrent wheeze at 4 years/Recurrent wheeze at 4 years No recurrent wheeze at 5 years/Recurrent wheeze at 5 years No asthma at 5 years/ Asthma at 5 years
Energy biomarker Mean (SD) Mean (SD) Mean (SD) Mean (SD) Mean (SD)
Glucose (mg/dL) 61 (19)
57 (17)
61 (19)
64 (23)
61 (20)
54 (11)
62 (20)
53 (12)
63 (20)
54 (13)

Insulin (μU/ml) 11 (8)
11 (7)
11 (7)
9 (5)
11 (8)
7 (4)
11 (8)
7 (4)
11 (9)
9 (6)

Glucose/insulin ratio 9 (7)
12 (17)
9 (7)
13 (14)
8 (6)
14 (15)
9 (7)
14 (12)
9 (8)
9 (9)

C-peptide (pg/mL) 1212 (772)
1189 (520)
1198 (704)
1025 (515)
1231 (764)
862 (477)
1261 (777)
779 (492)
1264 (801)
1024 (599)

Leptin (pg/mL) 784 (737)
817 (585)
769 (614)
835 (824)
815 (744)
582 (460)
804 (726)
556 (480)
757 (568)
836 (1115)

SD, standard deviation.