Table 6. List biomarkers for predicting PCa.
| Biomarker | PSA (ng/mL) | References | Overall PCa | Clinically significant PCa | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sensitivity | Specificity | AUC | Sensitivity | Specificity | AUC | ||||
| Serum | |||||||||
| PHI | >4 | Russo et al. (37) | 0.89 | 0.34 | 0.76 | 0.93 | 0.34 | 0.82 | |
| PHI | 2–10 | Catalona et al. (38) | 0.80–0.95 | – | 0.70 | – | – | 0.72* | |
| PHI | 2–10 | Nordström et al. (39) | – | – | 0.70 | – | – | 0.70 | |
| PHI | 2–10 | Loeb et al. (40) | 0.80–0.95 | – | 0.70 | – | – | – | |
| 4K panel | Median 6.3 (4.4–10.7) | Braun et al. (41) | – | – | 0.78 | – | – | 0.69 | |
| 4K panel | 2–10 | Nordström et al. (39) | – | – | 0.69 | – | – | 0.71 | |
| Urine | |||||||||
| PCA3 | 4–10 | Wang et al. (42) | – | – | 0.75 | – | – | – | |
| PCA3 | >3 | Hessels et al. (43) | – | – | 0.72 | – | – | – | |
| Interleukin 18 binding protein | – | Fujita et al. (44) | 0.69 | 0.56 | 0.65 | – | – | – | |
| 2,6-dimethyl-7-octen-2-ol, pentanal, 3-octa none and 2-octanone | – | Fernández-Peralbo et al. (45) | 0.80 | 0.57 | 0.76 | – | – | – | |
* for detection of Gleason ≥7 (4+3) prostate cancer. PCa, prostate cancer; PSA, prostate-specific antigen; AUC, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; PHI, Prostate Health Index; PCA3, Prostate Cancer gene 3.