Table 1.
Mean, Standard Deviation, and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) of Upper Limb (UL) Use Ratios and Their Correlation Coefficients With the Motor Activity Log (MAL).
| Study | Participants | Time after stroke | Device placement and duration worn | Environment | Ratio of UL usage* (95% CI) | Correlation between the ratio and MAL (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| This study | Chronic stroke (N = 24) | 4.1 ± 7.3 years | Head-worn camera for 4.5 hours | Home | 0.97 ± 0.34 (0.83, 1.11) | AoU: 0.8 (0.59, 0.91) QoM: 0.79 (0.57, 0.91) |
| Bailey and Lang 4 | Healthy individuals (N = 74) | N/A | 1 accelerometer on each wrist for 25 hours | Community | 0.95 ± 0.06 (0.94, 0.96) | N/A |
| Michielsen et al. 5 | Chronic stroke (N = 38) | 4.5 ± 3.2 years | 1 accelerometer on each wrist for 24 hours | Community | 0.45 | N/A |
| Bailey et al. 15 | Chronic stroke (N = 46) | Median: 0.9 years (IQR: 1.4 years) | 1 accelerometer on each wrist for 24 hours | Community | 0.64 ± 0.19 (0.59, 0.70) | N/A |
| Uswatte et al. 36 | Subacute and chronic stroke (N = 169) | 3-9 months | 1 accelerometer on each wrist for 3 days | Community | 0.56 ± 0.16 (0.54, 0.58) | QoM: 0.52 (0.40, 0.62) |
| Van der Pas et al. 37 | Chronic stroke (N = 45) | 2.0 ± 1.6 years | 1 accelerometer on each wrist for 3 days | Community | 0.69 ± 0.10 (0.66, 0.72) | AoU: 0.60 (0.37, 0.76) QoM: 0.66 (0.45, 0.80) |
| Uswatte et al. 38 | Subacute and chronic stroke (N = 222) | 3-12 months | 1 accelerometer on each wrist for 3 days | Community | 0.56 ± 0.16 (0.54, 0.58) | AoU: 0.52 (0.42, 0.61) QoM: 0.47 (0.36, 0.57) |
MAL, motor activity log; AoU, amount of use; QoM, quality of movement.
*
UL use ratio was calculated as more-affected/less-affected side for stroke survivors and non-dominant/dominant side for healthy individuals.