. 2022 Nov 16;66(4):148–154. doi: 10.3345/cep.2021.01837

Table 1.

Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio associated with obesity

Study	Country	No. of subjects	Age	Methods	Results
Ley et al., [13] 2006	US	NW (12), OB (12)	Adults	16S rRNA sequencing	Bacteroidetes ↓, Firmicutes: ↑
Ley et al., [13] 2006	US	NW (12), OB (12)	Adults	16S rRNA sequencing	FB ratio: ↑ in OB
Kasai et al., [28] 2015	Japan	NW (23), OB (33)	Adults	16S rRNA sequencing	Bacteroidetes ↓, Firmicutes: ↑
Kasai et al., [28] 2015	Japan	NW (23), OB (33)	Adults	16S rRNA sequencing	FB ratio: ↑ in OB
Koliada et al., [29] 2017	Ukraina	NW (34), OB (11)	Adults	16S rRNA sequencing	Bacteroidetes ↓, Firmicutes: ↑
Koliada et al., [29] 2017	Ukraina	NW (34), OB (11)	Adults	16S rRNA sequencing	FB ratio: ↑ in OB
Xu et al., [30] 2012	Kazakh	NW (91), OB (22)	7–13 Years old	Real-time PCR	Bacteroidetes ↓, Firmicutes: ↑
Xu et al., [30] 2012	Kazakh	NW (91), OB (22)	7–13 Years old	Real-time PCR	FB ratio: ↑ in female OB
Bervoets et al., [31] 2013	Belgian	NW (27), OW/ OB (26)	6–16 Years old	Real-time PCR	Bacteroidetes ↓, Firmicutes: ↑
Bervoets et al., [31] 2013	Belgian	NW (27), OW/ OB (26)	6–16 Years old	Real-time PCR	FB ratio: ↑ in female OB
Armougom et al., [14] 2009	France	NW (20), AN (9), OB (20)	Adults	Real-time PCR	Bacteroidetes ↓, Firmicutes: NC
Armougom et al., [14] 2009	France	NW (20), AN (9), OB (20)	Adults	Real-time PCR	FB ratio: NC in OB
Turnbaugh et al., [32] 2009	US	154	Adults	16S rRNA sequencing	Bacteroidetes ↓, Firmicutes: NC
Turnbaugh et al., [32] 2009	US	154	Adults	16S rRNA sequencing	FB ratio: NC in OB
Shin and Cho [20] 2020	South Korea	NW (24), OB (22)	5–13 Years old	16S rRNA sequencing	Bacteroidetes ↓, Firmicutes: NC
Shin and Cho [20] 2020	South Korea	NW (24), OB (22)	5–13 Years old	16S rRNA sequencing	FB ratio: NC in OB

FB ratio, Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio; NW, normal weight; OB, obesity; OW, overweight; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; NC, no change.