Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Indications for lumbar full-endoscopic spinal surgery
| Herniated intervertebral disc |
| Central |
| Paramedian |
| Foraminal |
| Extraforaminal |
| Migrated disc |
| Lumbar spinal stenosis |
| Lateral recess stenosis |
| Central canal stenosis |
| Ossification of ligamentum flavum |
| Foraminal stenosis |
| Infective spondylodiscitis |
| Pyogenic discitis |
| Epidural abscess |
| Revision surgery |
| Recurrent disc herniation |
| Cage displacement |
| Bone cement leakage into canal or foramen |
| Spondylolisthesis (≤grade 2) |
