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Common indications for thoracic full-endoscopic spinal surgery
| Herniated intervertebral disc: soft disc |
| Central |
| Paramedian |
| Migrated disc |
| Thoracic spinal stenosis |
| Central canal stenosis |
| Ossification of ligamentum flavum |
| Ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament |
| Infective spondylodiscitis |
| Pyogenic discitis |
| Epidural abscess |
