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. 2023 Mar 28;12(3):429–444. doi: 10.21037/tp-23-123

Table 2. Quality evaluation of included studies.

Included studies Quality Review score (NOS) Selection of research subjects Comparability between groups Outcome measurement
Experimental group representativeness Control group representativeness Definition of experimental group Definition of control group Outcome measures Follow-up time Completeness of follow-up
Kurku, 2019 9 Good Good Clear Clear Good Low risk Long Good
Malecki, 2020 8 Uncertain Good Clear Clear Good Low risk Long Good
Kwon, 2020 9 Good Good Clear Clear Good Low risk Long Good
Thompson, 2017 6 Uncertain Uncertain Clear Clear Uncertain Low risk Long Good
Battal, 2018 6 Good Good Clear Uncertain Uncertain Uncertain Long Uncertain
Elkabany, 2020 8 Uncertain Good Clear Clear Good Low risk Long Good
Gupta, 2020 7 Good Good Clear Clear Good Uncertain Long Uncertain
Hattar, 2011 9 Good Good Clear Clear Good Low risk Long Good
Hu W, 2017 8 Good Uncertain Clear Clear Good Low risk Long Good
Liu F, 2022 8 Good Good Clear Clear Good Uncertain Long Good
Antunes, 2013 4 Uncertain Uncertain Uncertain Clear Uncertain Low risk Uncertain Good
Grønbæk H, 2012 (10 weeks) 7 Good Good Clear Uncertain Uncertain Uncertain Long Good
Grønbæk H, 2012 (12 months) 8 Good Good Clear Clear Good Low risk Long Uncertain
Koot BG, 2011 9 Good Good Clear Clear Good Low risk Long Good
Verduci, 2013 8 Good Good Clear Clear Uncertain Low risk Long Good
Nier, 2018 8 Good Good Clear Clear Uncertain Low risk Long Good

NOS, Newcastle-Ottawa Scale