Table 1. Baseline data in patients with and without C3dg or MAC depositions on renal histology.
| Variables | C3dg | MAC | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| With deposition (n=48) | Without deposition (n=30) | P | With deposition (n=48) | Without deposition (n=30) | P | ||
| Clinical evaluation | |||||||
| Age (years) | 12.3±2.7 | 11.9±3.2 | 0.678 | 12.0±2.9 | 12.4±3.0 | 0.838 | |
| Gender (male/female), (% for male) | 10/38 (20.8) | 5/25 (16.7) | 0.650 | 8/40 (16.7) | 7/21 (23.3) | 0.379 | |
| Duration of LN (years) | 13.0±19.4 | 12.0±20.8 | 0.940 | 12.0±18.6 | 13.6±22.0 | 0.464 | |
| Fever (non-infectious) | 13 (27.1) | 11 (36.7) | 0.372 | 12 (25.0) | 12 (40.0) | 0.163 | |
| Malar rash | 28 (58.3) | 14 (46.7) | 0.315 | 16 (33.3) | 16 (53.3) | 0.081 | |
| Photosensitivity | 30 (62.5) | 15 (50.0) | 0.277 | 18 (37.5) | 16 (53.3) | 0.170 | |
| Oral ulcer | 21 (43.8) | 16 (53.3) | 0.410 | 20 (41.7) | 17 (56.7) | 0.197 | |
| Alopecia | 16 (33.3) | 12 (40.0) | 0.550 | 15 (31.3) | 13 (43.3) | 0.279 | |
| Arthralgia | 6 (12.5) | 5 (16.7) | 0.607 | 7 (14.6) | 4 (13.3) | 1.000 | |
| Serositis | 10 (20.8) | 8 (26.7) | 0.552 | 9 (18.8) | 9 (30.0) | 0.251 | |
| Neurologic disorder | 10 (20.8) | 1 (3.3) | 0.068 | 11 (22.9) | 1 (3.3) | 0.044 | |
| Anemia | 24 (50.0) | 15 (50.0) | 1.000 | 25 (52.1) | 14 (46.7) | 0.642 | |
| Acute renal failure | 13 (27.1) | 1 (3.3) | 0.018 | 13 (27.1) | 1 (3.3) | 0.018 | |
| Nephrotic syndrome | 37 (77.1) | 14 (46.7) | 0.006 | 36 (75.0) | 15 (50.0) | 0.024 | |
| SLEDAI | 18.2±6.5 | 11.4±7.4 | 0.382 | 18.5±6.2 | 10.9±7.3 | 0.346 | |
| Laboratory assessment | |||||||
| Leukocytopenia | 15 (31.3) | 6 (20.0) | 0.276 | 17 (35.4) | 4 (13.3) | 0.061 | |
| Thrombocytopenia | 5 (10.4) | 1 (3.3) | 0.481 | 2 (4.2) | 4 (13.3) | 0.298 | |
| Hematuria | 26 (54.2) | 12 (40.0) | 0.223 | 25 (52.1) | 13 (43.3) | 0.452 | |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 109.0±19.1 | 114.9±21.9 | 0.337 | 107.3±16.4 | 117.7±24.3 | 0.003 | |
| CRP (mg/L) | 8.7±2.9 | 9.9±5.4 | 0.026 | 9.5±4.9 | 8.5±1.9 | 0.029 | |
| ESR (mm/h) | 36.7±26.4 | 38.3±29.9 | 0.514 | 40.6±26.3 | 32.1±29.3 | 0.727 | |
| Serum creatinine (μmol/L) | 65.5±20.6 | 47.9±11.8 | 0.001 | 63.9±21.5 | 50.5±12.4 | 0.001 | |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 8.67±8.5 | 6.7±4.3 | 0.210 | 8.1±5.5 | 7.5±9.4 | 0.966 | |
| Urinary protein (g/24 h) | 2.9±2.2 | 0.8±1.9 | 0.003 | 3.1±2.4 | 0.5±0.6 | <0.001 | |
| Decrease of serum C3 level (%) | 38 (79.2) | 11 (36.7) | <0.001 | 38 (79.2) | 11 (36.7) | <0.001 | |
| Decrease of serum C4 level (%) | 33 (68.8) | 10 (33.3) | 0.002 | 32 (66.7) | 11 (36.7) | 0.010 | |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 122.0±35.9 | 157.1±41.71 | 0.810 | 125.1±41.2 | 152.1±37.4 | 0.137 | |
| Urinary RBC (unit/HP) | 67.2±75.6 | 20.9±40.1 | <0.001 | 70.0±74.3 | 16.5±38.1 | <0.001 | |
| Urinary WBC (unit/HP) | 16.6±24.5 | 4.8±12.4 | 0.001 | 18.2±25.5 | 2.2±1.6 | <0.001 | |
| ANA (+) | 48 (100.0) | 30 (100.0) | 48 (100.0) | 30 (100.0) | |||
| Anti-dsDNA antibody (+) | 39 (81.3) | 19 (63.3) | 0.078 | 38 (79.2) | 20 (66.7) | 0.219 | |
| Anti-SSA antibody (+) | 17 (35.4) | 12 (40.0) | 0.684 | 14 (29.2) | 15 (50.0) | 0.064 | |
| Anti-SSB antibody (+) | 1 (2.1) | 5 (16.7) | 0.056 | 1 (2.1) | 5 (16.7) | 0.056 | |
| Anti-Smith antibody (+) | 12 (25.0) | 5 (16.7) | 0.386 | 11 (22.9) | 6 (20.0) | 0.761 | |
| Pathological characteristics | |||||||
| ISN/RPS classification | |||||||
| II | 4 (8.3) | 11 (36.7) | 0.005 | 4 (8.3) | 11 (36.7) | 0.005 | |
| III | 4 (8.3) | 9 (30.0) | 0.029 | 8 (16.7) | 5 (16.7) | 1.00 | |
| IV | 36 (75.0) | 7 (23.3) | <0.001 | 34 (70.8) | 9 (30.0) | <0.001 | |
| V | 4 (8.3) | 3 (10.0) | 1.00 | 2 (4.2) | 5 (16.7) | 0.141 | |
| Activity indices score | 9.7±3.6 | 5.0±2.3 | 0.037 | 9.8±3.4 | 4.8±2.1 | 0.051 | |
| Endocapillary hypercellularity | 2.6±0.6 | 1.3±0.5 | 0.171 | 2.6±0.6 | 1.3±0.6 | 0.466 | |
| Cellular crescents | 3.0±1.7 | 0.3±0.9 | <0.001 | 3.0±1.6 | 0.3±0.9 | <0.001 | |
| Karyorrhexis/fibrinoid necrosis | 0.7±1.0 | 0.7±1.1 | 0.939 | 0.9±1.2 | 0.5±0.9 | 0.005 | |
| Subendothelial hyaline deposits | 0.7±0.8 | 0.2±0.6 | 0.031 | 0.6±0.8 | 0.3±0.6 | 0.156 | |
| Interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration | 1.5±0.7 | 1.3±0.6 | 0.072 | 1.4±0.7 | 1.3±0.6 | 0.351 | |
| Glomerular leukocyte infiltration | 1.3±0.8 | 1.2±0.6 | 0.049 | 1.3±0.8 | 1.1±0.6 | 0.028 | |
| Chronicity indices score | 1.1±1.5 | 1.1±1.5 | 0.752 | 1.0±1.4 | 1.2±1.6 | 0.960 | |
| Glomerular sclerosis | 0.4±0.6 | 0.3±0.7 | 0.752 | 0.3±0.6 | 0.4±0.7 | 0.146 | |
| Fibrous crescents | 0.3±0.6 | 0.3±0.5 | 0.262 | 0.4±0.6 | 0.2±0.4 | 0.074 | |
| Tubular atrophy | 0.1±0.3 | 0.1±0.6 | 0.833 | 0.1±0.3 | 0.2±0.4 | 0.118 | |
| Interstitial fibrosis | 0.2±0.4 | 0.4±0.6 | 0.016 | 0.2±0.4 | 0.4±0.6 | 0.002 | |
Data were presented as mean ± SD or n (%). MAC, membrane attack complex; LN, Lupus nephritis; SLEDAI, systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index; CRP, C-reactive protein; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rates; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ANA, antinuclear antibody; ISN/RPS, International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society.