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. 2023 Apr 7;14:1944. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-37715-2

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — Animals were challenged with 1 × 10⁶ PFU Omicron BA.1 SARS-CoV-2 administered intranasally and intratracheally 6 weeks after the booster/immunization. Viral load (sgRNA) overtime from 1 week prior to challenge up to sacrifice (day 13 or 14 post-challenge; indicated as 14 on the graphs) in a BAL and b NS expressed as log10 sgRNA copies/mL (BAL) or log10 sgRNA copies/swab (NS) from 42 NHPs. Viral loads in the individual animals are depicted with gray points and paired measurements connected with gray lines. For all panels, n = 7 animals per group except for the Sham-Ad26.COV2.S.529 group where n = 6 animals and for the Sham-Sham group where n = 8 animals. The median viral load per group is indicated with the red line. The dotted lines indicate the LLOD. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. BAL bronchoalveolar lavage, LLOD lower limit of detection, NHP nonhuman primate, NS nasal swab, PFU plaque-forming units, sgRNA subgenomic RNA.