Table 1.
Baseline demographic and clinicopathological characteristics of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
| Variables |
Training set
|
P value |
Testing set
|
||
|
Overall (n = 857)
|
Pain (n = 139)
|
No-pain (n = 718)
|
Overall (n = 368)
|
||
| Age (%), yr | |||||
| ≤ 50 | 199 (23.2) | 119 (85.6) | 80 (11.1) | < 0.001 | 86 (23.4) |
| > 50 | 658 (76.8) | 20 (14.4) | 638 (88.9) | 282 (76.6) | |
| Gender (%) | |||||
| Male | 445 (51.9) | 74 (53.2) | 371 (51.7) | 0.806 | 151 (41.0) |
| Female | 412 (48.1) | 65 (46.8) | 347 (48.3) | 217 (59.0) | |
| BMI [median (IQR)], kg/m2 | 24.00 (21.10, 27.10) | 23.70 (21.10, 27.45) | 24.00 (21.02, 27.08) | 0.658 | 24.00 (21.20, 26.70) |
| Pathogeny (%) | |||||
| Hepatitis B | 218 (25.4) | 31 (22.3) | 187 (26.0) | 0.089 | 104 (28.3) |
| HCV | 226 (26.4) | 28 (20.1) | 198 (27.6) | 88 (23.9) | |
| Alcoholic liver | 214 (25.0) | 39 (28.1) | 175 (24.4) | 95 (25.8) | |
| Others | 199 (23.2) | 41 (29.5) | 158 (22.0) | 81 (22.0) | |
| ECOG (%) | |||||
| 0 | 417 (48.7) | 63 (45.3) | 354 (49.3) | 0.443 | 187 (50.8) |
| 1 | 440 (51.3) | 76 (54.7) | 364 (50.7) | 181 (49.2) | |
| TACE (%) | |||||
| Yes | 445 (51.9) | 70 (50.4) | 375 (52.2) | 0.756 | 169 (45.9) |
| No | 412 (48.1) | 69 (49.6) | 343 (47.8) | 199 (54.1) | |
| HHS (%) | |||||
| Yes | 414 (48.3) | 73 (52.5) | 341 (47.5) | 0.321 | 195 (53.0) |
| No | 443 (51.7) | 66 (47.5) | 377 (52.5) | 173 (47.0) | |
| PrP (%) | |||||
| Yes | 204 (23.8) | 130 (93.5) | 74 (10.3) | < 0.001 | 91 (24.7) |
| No | 653 (76.2) | 9 (6.5) | 644 (89.7) | 277 (75.3) | |
| MDT (%), cm | |||||
| ≤ 10 | 416 (48.5) | 76 (54.7) | 340 (47.4) | 0.137 | 193 (52.4) |
| > 10 | 441 (51.5) | 63 (45.3) | 378 (52.6) | 175 (47.6) | |
| LOET (%) | |||||
| Left | 437 (51.0) | 80 (57.6) | 357 (49.7) | 0.11 | 189 (51.4) |
| Right | 420 (49.0) | 59 (42.4) | 361 (50.3) | 179 (48.6) | |
| NOET (%) | |||||
| Single | 683 (79.7) | 21 (15.1) | 662 (92.2) | < 0.001 | 280 (76.1) |
| Multiple | 174 (20.3) | 118 (84.9) | 56 (7.8) | 88 (23.9) | |
| PVTT (%) | |||||
| Yes | 438 (51.1) | 72 (51.8) | 366 (51.0) | 0.932 | 185 (50.3) |
| No | 419 (48.9) | 67 (48.2) | 352 (49.0) | 183 (49.7) | |
| DFLS (%), cm | |||||
| > 2 | 646 (75.4) | 16 (11.5) | 630 (87.7) | < 0.001 | 268 (72.8) |
| ≤ 2 | 211 (24.6) | 123 (88.5) | 88 (12.3) | 100 (27.2) | |
| CTPG (%) | |||||
| Grade A | 442 (51.6) | 75 (54.0) | 367 (51.1) | 0.602 | 176 (47.8) |
| Grade B | 415 (48.4) | 64 (46.0) | 351 (48.9) | 192 (52.2) | |
| OpD (%), h | |||||
| ≤ 1 | 452 (52.7) | 83 (59.7) | 369 (51.4) | 0.088 | 184 (50.0) |
| > 1 | 405 (47.3) | 56 (40.3) | 349 (48.6) | 184 (50.0) | |
| ES (%) | |||||
| Yes | 437 (51.0) | 72 (51.8) | 365 (50.8) | 0.908 | 187 (50.8) |
| No | 420 (49.0) | 67 (48.2) | 353 (49.2) | 181 (49.2) | |
| LOD (%), mL | |||||
| ≤ 10 | 630 (73.5) | 21 (15.1) | 609 (84.8) | < 0.001 | 260 (70.7) |
| > 10 | 227 (26.5) | 118 (84.9) | 109 (15.2) | 108 (29.3) | |
| Albumin [median (IQR)], g/L | 36.12 (33.45, 38.63) | 36.11 (33.50, 38.81) | 36.12 (33.43, 38.57) | 0.688 | 36.03 (33.42, 38.73) |
| PT [median (IQR)], s | 12.70 (12.30, 13.20) | 12.60 (12.30, 13.10) | 12.70 (12.30, 13.20) | 0.559 | 12.70 (12.30, 13.10) |
| PTA [median (IQR)], % | 82.25 (77.12, 86.60) | 90.20 (87.26, 93.18) | 80.33 (76.45, 84.36) | < 0.001 | 82.29 (77.81, 86.83) |
| TBIL [median (IQR)], g/L | 16.17 (12.95, 19.37) | 16.20 (13.34, 19.27) | 16.16 (12.88, 19.39) | 0.972 | 16.12 (13.25, 19.23) |
| ALT [median (IQR)], U/L | 33.00 (27.00, 40.00) | 34.00 (24.50, 40.00) | 33.00 (27.00, 40.75) | 0.446 | 34.00 (26.00, 41.00) |
| AST [median (IQR)], U/L | 42.00 (35.00, 48.00) | 44.00 (35.00, 49.00) | 41.00 (35.00, 48.00) | 0.091 | 42.00 (34.00, 48.25) |
| PLT [median (IQR)], 109 | 136.00 (104.00, 163.00) | 138.00 (104.00, 160.00) | 135.50 (104.00, 164.00) | 0.749 | 130.50 (100.00, 160.25) |
IQR: Interquartile range; BMI: Body mass index; ECOG: Eastern cooperative oncology group; HHS: History of hepatobiliary surgery; PrP: Preoperative_pain; MTD: Maximum tumor diameter; LOET: Location of embolized tumor; NOET: Number of embolized tumors; PVTT: Portal vein tumor thrombus; DFLS: Distance from liver capsule; CTBG: Child-pugh grade; OpD: Operation_duration; ES: Embolization supplement; LOD: Iodine oil dosage; PT: Prothrombin time; PTA: Prothrombin activity; TBIL: Total bilirubin; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; PLT: Platelet count.