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. 2023 Mar 21;23(4):2287–2294. doi: 10.1021/acs.cgd.2c01318

Table 1. Parameters of Experiments on Sulfide Growth: Temperature Range of Coexistence with Sulfur, Temperatures of Both Hot and Cold Ends of the Reaction Vessel, Approximate Growth Temperature, Time of Synthesis, Size of Crystals, and Carry Amount.

crystals, crystal structure temperature range of coexistence with sulfur (°C) temperature of hot end (of evaporation) (°C) temperature of cold end (of condensation) (°C) growth temperature (°C) synthesis time (days) crystal size carry amount figure
NbS2 n/d 850 550 ∼700–600 120 1–2 mm full Figure 2a
NbS3 n/d 850 550 ∼600 120 below resolution limits  
PdS n/d 827 551 ∼700–600 70 2–3 mm × 100 μm full Figure 3g
PdS2 n/d 551 (in liquid S) 2–3 mm Figure 4d
PtS2 n/d 850 550 ∼700–600 60 50–100 μm low Figure 3f
TiS2 >632 820 566 ∼700–600 93 1 mm full Figure 2f
TiS3 <632     566 (in liquid S)   1 mm   Figure 4e
Bi2S3 113–775 620 540 ∼700–600 60 3 mm × 100 μm medium Figure 4c
ReS2 n/d 820 566 ∼600 93 shapeless agglomerates low Figure 4a
TaS2 n/d 820 566 n/d 93 1 mm full Figure 3c
TaS3 n/d 2–3 mm × 1 μm Figure 3b
ZrS3 <700 827 551 ∼700–600 70 10 mm × 0.5 mm medium Figure 3d
HfS3 n/d 827 551 ∼700–600 70 10 mm × 0.5 mm medium Figure 3e
MoS2 115–1750 820 566 ∼700–600 93 50 μm × 1 μm low Figure 3h
WS2 (black) <400 820 566 n/d 93 50 μm × 1 μm low  
WS2 (silver) >400 50 μm × 1 μm
FeS2 (py str.) 450–743 827 551 ∼700–600 70 2 mm medium Figure 2b
CoS2 115–950 827 551 ∼700–600 70 1 mm low Figure 2c
NiS2 115–998 827 551 +551 (in liquid S) 70 2 mm medium Figure 2d
MnS <1653 800 572 572 (in liquid S) 120 1 mm + agglomerates of 40 μm crystals full Figure 4f
Figure 4g
V1+xS2 n/d 800 572 ∼700–600 120 agglomerates of 100 μm crystals full Figure 2g
Cr2S3 <1565 815 560 ∼700–600 115 1 mm full Figure 2e
In2S3 1090 815 560 ∼700–600 115 agglomerates of 100 μm full Figure 2h
MgS n/d 815 560 ∼600 115 1 mm plates low Figure 3a
Au + ZnS 1718 815 560 ∼700–600 115 agglomerates of 100 μm medium Figure 4b
RuS2 n/d 800 572   120   absent  
Rh2S3 or RhS3 n/d 800 572   120   absent  
OsS2 n/d 800 572   120   absent