Table 4. Summary of Operating Conditions and Experimental Results (Average Value ± Standard Deviation) For Three Experiments Used for Producing αLGA (Exps. A1 and A2) or Aimed at Producing βLGA, but Resulting in a Mixed Steady-State (Experiment A3)a.
Single
solution-fed crystallizer |
Cascade with two crystallizers | ||
---|---|---|---|
Exp. A1 | Exp. A2 | Exp. A3 | |
Operating conditions | |||
T (°C) | 25 | 30 | 30 |
τ0 (min) | 35 | 70 | 70 |
c0 (g/kg) | 29.6 ± 1.9 | 29.7 ± 0.1 | 29.9 ± 0.7 |
State variables | |||
c (g/kg) | 12.5 ± 0.1 | 14.2 ± 0.2 | 14.4 ± 0.5 |
μ3,nstages (−) | 0.12 ± 0.007 | 0.09 ± 0.02 | 0.56 ± 0.01 |
μ3,nstagesout (−) | 0.0069 ± 0.001 | 0.0056 ± 0.002 | 0.74 ± 0.03 |
KPI | |||
wβ (−) | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.05 ± 0.02 | 0.82 ± 0.02 |
Y (−) | 0.81 ± 0.01 | 0.79 ± 0.03 | 0.78 ± 0.02 |
P [kg/(m3h)] | 0.54 ± 0.03 | 0.25 ± 0.05 | 7.5 ± 0.4 |
Note that in the cascade experiment (Experiment A3), the temperature T and residence time τ0 are provided for the second crystallizer. The temperature in the first crystallizer was set to T1 = 45 °C, while the residence time was τ1 = τ2 = 70 min. The solubilities of βLGA at 25 °C and 30 °C are 8.4 g kg–1 and 9.9 g kg–1, respectively.