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. 2023 Mar 14;23(4):2485–2503. doi: 10.1021/acs.cgd.2c01424

Table 4. Summary of Operating Conditions and Experimental Results (Average Value ± Standard Deviation) For Three Experiments Used for Producing αLGA (Exps. A1 and A2) or Aimed at Producing βLGA, but Resulting in a Mixed Steady-State (Experiment A3)a.

  Single solution-fed crystallizer
Cascade with two crystallizers
  Exp. A1 Exp. A2 Exp. A3
Operating conditions
T (°C) 25 30 30
τ0 (min) 35 70 70
c0 (g/kg) 29.6 ± 1.9 29.7 ± 0.1 29.9 ± 0.7
State variables
c (g/kg) 12.5 ± 0.1 14.2 ± 0.2 14.4 ± 0.5
μ3,nstages (−) 0.12 ± 0.007 0.09 ± 0.02 0.56 ± 0.01
μ3,nstagesout (−) 0.0069 ± 0.001 0.0056 ± 0.002 0.74 ± 0.03
KPI
wβ (−) 0.04 ± 0.01 0.05 ± 0.02 0.82 ± 0.02
Y (−) 0.81 ± 0.01 0.79 ± 0.03 0.78 ± 0.02
P [kg/(m3h)] 0.54 ± 0.03 0.25 ± 0.05 7.5 ± 0.4
a

Note that in the cascade experiment (Experiment A3), the temperature T and residence time τ0 are provided for the second crystallizer. The temperature in the first crystallizer was set to T1 = 45 °C, while the residence time was τ1 = τ2 = 70 min. The solubilities of βLGA at 25 °C and 30 °C are 8.4 g kg–1 and 9.9 g kg–1, respectively.