Table 3.
Cases of autoimmune hepatitis-like syndromes after coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine: Diagnostics, treatment, and clinical outcomes
|
Diagnostics
|
|
| Peak laboratory values (mean ± SD) | |
| AST (IU/l) | 936 ± 523 |
| ALT (IU/l) | 1060 ± 567 |
| GGT (IU/l) | 312 ± 220 |
| ALP (IU/l) | 209 ± 95 |
| Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 9.8 ± 8.5 |
| IgG (g/L) | 21.7 ± 6.7 |
| Antibodies, n (%) | |
| ANA | 33 (83) |
| ASMA | 7 (18) |
| SLA/LP | 2 (5) |
| AMA | 5 (13) |
| Others (ANCA, DS-DNA) | 3 (8) |
| Liver biopsy | |
| Performed | 39 |
| Not performed | 1 |
| Morphologic characteristics, n (%) | |
| Interface hepatitis | 31 (78) |
| Lymphoplasmacellular infiltrates | 36 (90) |
| Rosette formation | 5 (13) |
| Treatment | |
| First agent | |
| Budesonide | 1 |
| Prednisone | 15 |
| Prednisolone | 17 |
| Methylprednisolone | 3 |
| Hydrocortisone | 1 |
| Steroids | 3 |
| No treatment | 2 |
| Second agent | |
| Azathioprine | 8 |
| Prednisolone | 2 |
| Clinical outcomes | |
| Time to the first improvement, days (mean ± SD) | 4.6 ± 2.9 |
| Time to resolution, days (mean ± SD) | 44.6 ± 37 |
| Alive | 37 |
| Dead | 3 |
AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; IgG: Immunoglobulin G; ANA: Antinuclear antibody; ASMA: Anti-smooth muscle antibody; SLA/LP: Anti-soluble liver antigen/liver-pancreas; AMA: Anti-mitochondrial antibodies; ANCA: Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies; Ds-DNA: Anti-double stranded DNA.