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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jan 11.
Published in final edited form as: J Health Commun. 2023 Jan 11;27(11-12):825–838. doi: 10.1080/10810730.2023.2165741

Table 1.

Sample demographic characteristics with results from chi-square analyses between groups

n (%) n (%) n (%) χ p-value

Parent Characteristics Overall (N=339) Intervention (n=162) Control (n=171)
Parent gender 2.24 .53
 Mother/female guardian 244 (75.08) 115 (74.68) 129 (75.44)
 Father/male guardian 79 (24.31) 37 (24.03) 42 (24.56)
 Non-binary/prefer not to disclose 2 (0.62) 2 (1.30) 0 (0.0)
 Missing/not reported 14 8 0
Parent race 1.75 .88
 Black/African-American 43 (13.78) 24 (16.00) 19 (11.73)
 White/Caucasian 235 (75.32) 110 (73.33) 125 (77.16)
 Asian 6 (1.92) 2 (1.33) 4 (2.47)
 Native American/Alaska Native 2 (0.64) 1 (0.67) 1 (0.62)
 Pacific Islander/Native Hawaiian 2 (0.64) 1 (0.67) 1 (0.62)
 More than one race 24 (7.69) 12 (8.00) 12 (7.41)
 Missing/not reported 27 12 9
Parent Ethnicity .00 1.00
 Hispanic/Latino 24 (7.41) 11 (7.10) 13 (7.69)
 Not Hispanic/Latino 300 (92.59) 144 (92.90) 156 (92.31)
 Missing/not reported 15 7 2
Parent Education 1.67 .80
 Some High School 6 (1.96) 3 (2.05) 3 (1.88)
 High School Graduate/GED 27 (8.82) 13 (8.90) 14 (8.75)
 Some College/2-Year Degree 115 (37.58) 60 (41.10) 55 (34.38)
 4-Year College 86 (28.10) 38 (26.03) 48 (30.00)
 Graduate/Professional Degree 72 (23.53) 32 (21.92) 40 (25.00)
 Missing/not reported 33 16 11
Parent Sexual Orientation 2.48 .65
 Straight/Heterosexual 296 (93.67) 140 (92.72) 156 (94.55)
 Gay or Lesbian 7 (2.22) 3 (1.99) 4 (2.42)
 Bisexual 11 (3.4) 6 (3.97) 5 (3.03)
 Prefer Not To Say/Self-Describe 2 (.63) 2 (1.32) 0 (0.00)
 Missing/not reported 23 11 6
Single Parent 2.75 .10
 Yes 88 (26.83) 49 (31.41) 39 (22.81)
 No 240 (73.17) 107 (68.59) 132 (77.19)
 Missing/not reported 11 6 0
SES (Free Lunch) 1.23 .57
 Yes 99 (33.33) 51 (35.66) 48 (31.17)
 No 180 (60.61) 85 (59.44) 95 (61.69)
 Don’t Know 18 (6.06) 7 (4.90) 11 (7.14)
 Missing/not reported 42 19 17
Adolescent gender 4.91 .30
 Female 143 (44.14) 68 (43.87) 75 (44.38)
 Male 174 (53.70) 81 (52.26) 93 (55.03)
 Non-binary/prefer not to disclose 7 (2.16) 6 (3.87) 1 (0.59)
 Missing/not reported 15 7 2
Adolescent race 5.06 .41
 Black/African-American 42 (13.13) 24 (15.79) 18 (10.71)
 White/Caucasian 215 (67.19) 101 (66.45) 114 (67.86)
 Asian 4 (1.25) 2 (1.32) 2 (1.19)
 Native American/Alaska Native 2 (0.63) 1 (0.66) 1 (0.60)
 Pacific Islander/Native Hawaiian 2 (0.63) 2 (1.32) 0 (0.00)
 More than one 55 (17.19) 22 (14.47) 33 (19.64)
 Missing/not reported 19 10 3
Adolescent Ethnicity .25 .61
 Hispanic/Latino 44 (13.37) 19 (12.18) 25 (14.79)
 Not Hispanic/Latino 285 (86.63) 137 (87.82) 144 (85.21)
 Missing/not reported 10 6 2