Table 3.
ZINB regression model results with total resident cases as the outcome variable.
| Variable | Estimate | 95% CI | IRR/OR | P-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Negative binomial model: | ||||
| (Intercept) | 3.813 | (3.583, 4.0423) | 45.286 | <0.001 |
| Total Staff Cases | 0.012 | (0.011, 0.012) | 1.012 | <0.001 |
| Total Staff Deaths | 0.011 | (-0.004, 0.026) | 1.011 | 0.152 |
| Total Beds | 0.0003 | (-0.00009, 0.0007) | 1.000 | 0.122 |
| % Residents Vaccinated | −0.003 | (-0.004, −0.002) | 0.997 | <0.001 |
| % Staff Vaccinated | 0.0003 | (-0.0005, 0.001) | 1.000 | 0.455 |
| Average Residents Per Day | 0.001 | (-0.004, −0.002) | 1.001 | <0.001 |
| % Admissions from Acute Care Hospital | 0.0001 | (0.001, 0.002) | 1.000 | 0.699 |
| Average Age of Residents | 0.005 | (-0.0007, 0.001) | 1.005 | <0.001 |
| % Hospitalizations Per Resident Year | 0.021 | (0.001, 0.04) | 1.021 | 0.031 |
| ADL Score | −0.002 | (-0.009, 0.003) | 0.998 | 0.444 |
| % Female Residents | −0.002 | (-0.003, −0.0007) | 0.998 | 0.002 |
| % Patient Days Private Pay | −0.005 | (-0.006, −0.004) | 0.995 | <0.001 |
| Adjusted Nurse Staffing Hours PRPR | −0.144 | (-0.16, −0.128) | 0.866 | <0.001 |
| Number of Fines | −0.001 | (-0.006, 0.003) | 0.999 | 0.603 |
| Number of Incidents | 0.002 | (-0.0009, 0.005) | 1.002 | 0.157 |
| Number of Complaints | 0.001 | (-0.0002, 0.002) | 1.001 | 0.096 |
| Number of Citations | 0.015 | (0.01, 0.02) | 1.015 | <0.001 |
| Overall Rating: 1-Star | Reference | |||
| Overall Rating: 2-Stars | 0.015 | (-0.017, 0.048) | 1.015 | 0.36 |
| Overall Rating: 3-Stars | −0.01 | (-0.046, 0.024) | 0.990 | 0.53 |
| Overall Rating: 4-Stars | −0.013 | (-0.049, 0.022) | 0.987 | 0.46 |
| Overall Rating: 5-Stars | −0.068 | (-0.107, −0.028) | 0.934 | <0.001 |
| Ownership Type: For Profit | Reference | |||
| Ownership Type: Government | −0.114 | (-0.163, −0.065) | 0.892 | <0.001 |
| Ownership Type: Non-Profit | −0.15 | (-0.178, −0.123) | 0.861 | <0.001 |
| Majority White Residents | Reference | |||
| Majority Black Residents | −0.14 | (-0.189, −0.091) | 0.869 | <0.001 |
| Majority Hispanic Residents | −0.105 | (-0.244, 0.033) | 0.900 | 0.138 |
| Other Race/Ethnicity Residents | −0.126 | (-0.172, −0.080) | 0.882 | <0.001 |
| Metropolitan Census Tract | Reference | |||
| Micropolitan Census Tract | 0.001 | (-0.028, 0.031) | 1.001 | 0.909 |
| Rural Census Tract | −0.049 | (-0.079, −0.018) | 0.952 | 0.001 |
| State: PA | Reference | |||
| State: AL | 0.036 | (-0.054, 0.128) | 1.037 | 0.429 |
| State: AR | 0.081 | (-0.01, 0.173) | 1.084 | 0.082 |
| State: AZ | −0.051 | (-0.163, 0.060) | 0.950 | 0.367 |
| State: CA | −0.019 | (-0.083, 0.043) | 0.981 | 0.536 |
| State: CO | −0.21 | (-0.311, −0.109) | 0.811 | <0.001 |
| State: CT | 0.024 | (-0.065, 0.115) | 1.024 | 0.59 |
| State: DE | −0.029 | (-0.210, 0.150) | 0.971 | 0.744 |
| State: FL | −0.21 | (-0.273, −0.146) | 0.811 | <0.001 |
| State: GA | 0.032 | (-0.042, 0.108) | 1.033 | 0.391 |
| State: IA | −0.024 | (-0.103, 0.054) | 0.976 | 0.542 |
| State: ID | −0.298 | (-0.46, −0.137) | 0.742 | <0.001 |
| State: IL | −0.068 | (-0.132, −0.005) | 0.934 | 0.033 |
| State: IN | −0.004 | (-0.111, 0.027) | 0.996 | 0.233 |
| State: KS | −0.085 | (-0.173, 0.003) | 0.919 | 0.058 |
| State: KY | −0.004 | (-0.085, 0.076) | 0.996 | 0.915 |
| State: LA | −0.149 | (-0.232, −0.065) | 0.862 | <0.001 |
| State: MA | −0.072 | (-0.147, 0.001) | 0.931 | 0.054 |
| State: MD | −0.163 | (-0.253, −0.074) | 0.850 | <0.001 |
| State: ME | −0.126 | (-0.267, 0.013) | 0.882 | 0.077 |
| State: MI | −0.363 | (-0.442, −0.285) | 0.696 | <0.001 |
| State: MN | −0.353 | (-0.436, −0.27) | 0.703 | <0.001 |
| State: MO | 0.038 | (-0.033, 0.11) | 1.039 | 0.289 |
| State: MS | 0.016 | (-0.081, 0.113) | 1.016 | 0.747 |
| State: MT | −0.153 | (-0.33, 0.024) | 0.858 | 0.091 |
| State: NC | −0.018 | (-0.089, 0.052) | 0.982 | 0.612 |
| State: ND | −0.249 | (-0.401, −0.097) | 0.780 | 0.001 |
| State: NE | −0.174 | (-0.279, −0.069) | 0.840 | 0.001 |
| State: NH | −0.012 | (-0.15, 0.126) | 0.988 | 0.864 |
| State: NJ | 0.003 | (-0.072, 0.08) | 1.003 | 0.92 |
| State: NM | −0.144 | (-0.317, 0.028) | 0.866 | 0.101 |
| State: NV | −0.078 | (-0.251, 0.095) | 0.925 | 0.376 |
| State: NY | −0.446 | (-0.511, −0.380) | 0.640 | <0.001 |
| State: OH | −0.148 | (-0.207, −0.089) | 0.862 | <0.001 |
| State: OK | 0.045 | (-0.043, 0.133) | 1.046 | 0.314 |
| State: OR | −0.403 | (-0.529, −0.277) | 0.668 | <0.001 |
| State: RI | −0.09 | (-0.226, 0.045) | 0.914 | 0.193 |
| State: SC | 0.005 | (-0.09, 0.101) | 1.005 | 0.909 |
| State: SD | −0.08 | (-0.223, 0.062) | 0.923 | 0.269 |
| State: TN | −0.103 | (-0.18, −0.025) | 0.902 | 0.009 |
| State: TX | −0.006 | (-0.068, 0.054) | 0.994 | 0.827 |
| State: UT | −0.216 | (-0.36, −0.073) | 0.806 | 0.003 |
| State: VA | 0.073 | (-0.01, 0.156) | 1.076 | 0.087 |
| State: VT | −0.575 | (-0.806, −0.345) | 0.563 | <0.001 |
| State: WA | −0.233 | (-0.33, −0.136) | 0.792 | <0.001 |
| State: WI | −0.467 | (-0.544, −0.39) | 0.627 | <0.001 |
| State: WV | −0.04 | (-0.153, 0.072) | 0.961 | 0.486 |
| State: WY | −0.206 | (-0.45, 0.037) | 0.814 | 0.096 |
| Logistic model: | ||||
| Total Staff Cases | −0.193 | (-0.222, −0.164) | 0.824 | <0.001 |
| Total Staff Deaths | 0.114 | (-0.279, 0.509) | 1.121 | 0.568 |
IRR=Incidence Rate Ratio; OR=Odds Ratio; ADL = Activities of Daily Living, PRPR=Per Resident Per Day.