Table 4.
ZINB regression model results with total resident deaths as the outcome variable.
| Variable | Estimate | 95% CI | IRR/OR | P-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Negative binomial model: | ||||
| (Intercept) | 0.184 | (-0.137, 0.506) | 1.202 | 0.26 |
| Total Resident Cases | 0.011 | (0.010, 0.011) | 1.011 | <0.001 |
| Total Staff Cases | 0.003 | (0.002, 0.004) | 1.003 | <0.001 |
| Total Staff Deaths | 0.071 | (0.050, 0.092) | 1.074 | <0.001 |
| Total Beds | 0.002 | (0.001, 0.003) | 1.002 | <0.001 |
| % Residents Vaccinated | −0.002 | (-0.004, −0.001) | 0.998 | <0.001 |
| % Staff Vaccinated | 0.0004 | (-0.0006, 0.001) | 1.000 | 0.433 |
| Average Residents Per Day | −0.003 | (-0.004, −0.002) | 0.997 | <0.001 |
| % Admissions from Acute Care Hospital | −0.006 | (-0.008, −0.005) | 0.994 | <0.001 |
| Average Age of Residents | 0.0253 | (0.021, 0.029) | 1.026 | <0.001 |
| % Hospitalizations Per Resident Year | 0.066 | (0.038, 0.093) | 1.068 | <0.001 |
| ADL Score | 0.029 | (0.020, 0.038) | 1.029 | <0.001 |
| % Female Residents | −0.003 | (-0.005, −0.001) | 0.997 | <0.001 |
| % Patient Days Private Pay | −0.001 | (-0.003, −0.0003) | 0.999 | 0.012 |
| Adjusted Nurse Staffing Hours PRPR | −0.065 | (-0.087, −0.042) | 0.937 | <0.001 |
| Number of Fines | 0.015 | (0.007, 0.023) | 1.015 | <0.001 |
| Number of Incidents | 0.001 | (-0.002, 0.006) | 1.001 | 0.403 |
| Number of Complaints | 0.003 | (0.001, 0.005) | 1.003 | <0.001 |
| Number of Citations | −0.0001 | (-0.0067, 0.0064) | 1.000 | 0.964 |
| Overall Rating: 1-Star | Reference | |||
| Overall Rating: 2-Stars | 0.042 | (-0.003, 0.087) | 1.043 | 0.069 |
| Overall Rating: 3-Stars | 0.047 | (-0.001, 0.096) | 1.048 | 0.057 |
| Overall Rating: 4-Stars | 0.016 | (-0.033, 0.067) | 1.016 | 0.519 |
| Overall Rating: 5-Stars | −0.005 | (-0.061, 0.049) | 0.995 | 0.837 |
| Ownership Type: For Profit | Reference | |||
| Ownership Type: Government | −0.022 | (-0.091, 0.046) | 0.978 | 0.516 |
| Ownership Type: Non-Profit | −0.009 | (-0.048, 0.030) | 0.991 | 0.65 |
| Majority White Residents | Reference | |||
| Majority Black Residents | −0.054 | (-0.122, 0.014) | 0.947 | 0.12 |
| Majority Hispanic Residents | 0.315 | (0.131, 0.498) | 1.370 | <0.001 |
| Other Race/Ethnicity Residents | 0.063 | (-0.0003, 0.128) | 1.065 | 0.051 |
| Metropolitan Census Tract | Reference | |||
| Micropolitan Census Tract | 0.015 | (-0.026, 0.057) | 1.015 | 0.474 |
| Rural Census Tract | −0.06 | (-0.1039, −0.016) | 0.942 | <0.001 |
| State: PA | Reference | |||
| State: AL | −0.194 | (-0.319, −0.069) | 0.824 | 0.002 |
| State: AR | −0.137 | (-0.264, −0.01) | 0.872 | 0.034 |
| State: AZ | −0.164 | (-0.318, −0.01) | 0.849 | 0.036 |
| State: CA | −0.382 | (-0.470, −0.294) | 0.682 | <0.001 |
| State: CO | 0.039 | (-0.099, 0.177) | 1.040 | 0.579 |
| State: CT | 0.134 | (0.012, 0.256) | 1.143 | 0.03 |
| State: DE | −0.083 | (-0.329, 0.161) | 0.920 | 0.502 |
| State: FL | −0.509 | (-0.598, −0.42) | 0.601 | <0.001 |
| State: GA | −0.202 | (-0.305, −0.098) | 0.817 | <0.001 |
| State: IA | −0.148 | (-0.258, −0.038) | 0.862 | 0.008 |
| State: ID | −0.479 | (-0.721, −0.236) | 0.619 | <0.001 |
| State: IL | −0.187 | (-0.273, −0.101) | 0.829 | <0.001 |
| State: IN | −0.055 | (-0.149, 0.038) | 0.946 | 0.248 |
| State: KS | −0.162 | (-0.286, −0.038) | 0.850 | 0.01 |
| State: KY | −0.243 | (-0.354, −0.131) | 0.784 | <0.001 |
| State: LA | −0.014 | (-0.128, 0.098) | 0.986 | 0.795 |
| State: MA | 0.177 | (0.077, 0.277) | 1.194 | <0.001 |
| State: MD | −0.17 | (-0.293, −0.048) | 0.844 | 0.006 |
| State: ME | −0.231 | (-0.448, −0.014) | 0.794 | 0.036 |
| State: MI | −0.042 | (-0.15, 0.066) | 0.959 | 0.443 |
| State: MN | −0.083 | (-0.2, 0.033) | 0.920 | 0.164 |
| State: MO | −0.285 | (-0.385, −0.184) | 0.752 | <0.001 |
| State: MS | −0.133 | (-0.266, −0.0007) | 0.875 | 0.048 |
| State: MT | −0.011 | (-0.257, 0.234) | 0.989 | 0.92 |
| State: NC | −0.186 | (-0.283, −0.088) | 0.830 | <0.001 |
| State: ND | −0.103 | (-0.314, 0.108) | 0.902 | 0.34 |
| State: NE | −0.307 | (-0.461, −0.153) | 0.736 | <0.001 |
| State: NH | −0.112 | (-0.316, 0.092) | 0.894 | 0.282 |
| State: NJ | 0.06 | (-0.041, 0.162) | 1.062 | 0.248 |
| State: NM | −0.536 | (-0.795, −0.277) | 0.585 | <0.001 |
| State: NV | −0.314 | (-0.553, −0.076) | 0.731 | 0.009 |
| State: NY | −0.133 | (-0.224, −0.042) | 0.875 | 0.003 |
| State: OH | −0.19 | (-0.271, −0.110) | 0.827 | <0.001 |
| State: OK | −0.139 | (-0.262, −0.016) | 0.870 | 0.026 |
| State: OR | 0.058 | (-0.138, 0.254) | 1.060 | 0.56 |
| State: RI | −0.083 | (-0.27, 0.103) | 0.920 | 0.381 |
| State: SC | −0.253 | (-0.386, −0.12) | 0.776 | <0.001 |
| State: SD | 0.024 | (-0.168, 0.216) | 1.024 | 0.805 |
| State: TN | −0.22 | (-0.326, −0.114) | 0.803 | <0.001 |
| State: TX | −0.388 | (-0.474, −0.303) | 0.678 | <0.001 |
| State: UT | −0.14 | (-0.356, 0.075) | 0.869 | 0.02 |
| State: VA | −0.219 | (-0.335, −0.103) | 0.803 | <0.001 |
| State: VT | −0.25 | (-0.662, 0.161) | 0.779 | 0.233 |
| State: WA | −0.141 | (-0.282, −0.001) | 0.868 | 0.048 |
| State: WI | −0.327 | (-0.437, −0.217) | 0.721 | <0.001 |
| State: WV | −0.275 | (-0.433, −0.118) | 0.760 | <0.001 |
| State: WY | −0.213 | (-0.55, 0.123) | 0.808 | 0.213 |
| Logistic model: | ||||
| Total Resident Cases | −0.176 | (-0.201, −0.151) | 0.839 | <0.001 |
| Total Staff Cases | −0.013 | (-0.021, −0.005) | 0.987 | 0.001 |
| Total Staff Deaths | 0.123 | (-0.121, 0.368) | 1.131 | 0.322 |
IRR=Incidence Rate Ratio; OR=Odds Ratio; ADL = Activities of Daily Living, PRPR=Per Resident Per Day.