Table 2.
Vaccine candidates based on vesicular stomatitis virus vector
| Pathogen | Design strategy | Stage | Results | Advantages | Overall concerns | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ebola virus | rVSVΔG-EBOV GP | Phase III | 100% protection | Postexposure, long-term, and cross protection; single dose regimen | Safety concerns, adverse effect | 93,525,526 |
| Marburg virus | rVSVΔG-MARV GP | NHPs | 100% protection | Sterile immunity; single-dose | Safety concerns | 87,99,101,527–529 |
| Lassa virus | rVSVΔG-LASV GPC | NHPs | 100% protection | Long-term, cross-protection; multivalent; single-dose | Safety concerns | 100,121,530 |
| CCHFV | rVSVΔG-CCHFV GPC | Mice | 100% protection | Stronger immunogenicity than RABV-based CCHFV vaccine candidates | Safety concerns | 38,125 |
| Andes virus | rVSVΔG-ANDV GP | Hamsters | 100% protection | Postexposure protection; cross-protection; sterile immunity | Safety concerns | 103,104 |
| SARS-CoV | rVSV-S/rVSVΔG-S | Mice | / | Long-term antibody response | Safety concerns | 112 |
| MERS-CoV | rVSVΔG-S | NHPs | / | Long-term antibody response | Safety concerns | 114 |
| SARS-CoV-2 | rVSVΔG-S | Phase I | / | Reduce viral load; mucosal delivery | Poor immunogenicity post IM vaccination | 332 |
| Nipah virus | rVSVΔG-NIV F/G/F + G | NHPs | 100% protection | Single round replication | \ | 107 |
| Hendra virus | rVSV-HEV G | Mice | / | More immunogenic than RABV vector-based vaccine candidate | Safety concerns | 126 |
| Zika virus | rVSV-prM-E-NS1 | Mice | 100% protection | MTase-defective, co-expression of prM and E, higher levels of Th2 and Th17 cytokine responses | Safety concerns | 111,531,532 |
CCHFV Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, SARS-CoV severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, MERS-CoV Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, NHPs nonhuman primates, IM intramuscular, RABV rabies virus, MTase methyltransferase, prM membrane precursor, E envelope