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. 2023 Jan 5;30(1):3–20. doi: 10.1089/cmb.2021.0507

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© Sumaira Zaman, et al., 2023. Published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.

This Open Access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited.

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FIG. 6. — Pairs of strains with bidirectional HGTs suggest the presence of a third party donor. We present a case study of an inferred HGT between Anlong-103 (yellow) and YN2013 (blue) in the spike gene family, with support of (a) 503 in the forward direction and (b) 497 in the backward direction. Such bidirectional support suggests strong evidence that an HGT occurred and a third party was involved, but ambiguity as to the direction of the HGT. We found support for HGTs (a) from F46 to Anlong-103 (407 support) and (b) from F46 to YN2013 (393 support). (c, d) Show SimPlot analysis demonstrating that both Anlong-103 and YN2013 are significantly different from their respective siblings (RS7327, green, and Rs4084, magenta) in the spike gene. (e) SimPlot analysis shows that both Anlong-103 and YN2013 are equally similar to a putative third-party donor F46 (black).