Fig. 2. Topographic noise controls cell proliferation via cell signaling.

(A) Duration of the cell cycle in isolated MDCK EGFP cells adhering to experimental substrates with different levels of topographic noise. *P < 0.05 by Mann-Whitney test. n = number of independent experiments, n′ = number of analyzed cells. Error bars correspond to the measured standard deviation of the mean. (B) Normalized proliferation rate of isolated MDCK EGFP cells adhering to substrates featuring different levels of topographic noise. Values are normalized to the I_TN% = 0% region. *P < 0.05; ns, not significant by Mann-Whitney test. n = number of independent experiments, n′ = number of analyzed field of views. Error bars correspond to the measured standard error of the mean. (C) Cartoon introducing the NOP. (D) NOP depicting the cell abscission alignment in isolated MDCK EGFP cells. The corresponding standard deviation (SD) is reported in the graph’s inset. n = number of independent experiments, n′ = number of analyzed cells. (E) Average duration of individual cell cycle phases in isolated MDCK FUCCI cells adhering to experimental substrates with increasing topographic noise and (F) representative fluorescent images of MDCK FUCCI cell cycle reported on regions with various noise level. Scale bar, 50 μm. n = number of independent experiments, n′ = number of analyzed field of views. Error bars correspond to the measured standard error of the mean. (G) Cartoon summarizing the molecular routes linking integrin adhesions to the control of cell cycle progression. (H) Western blot analysis of cell cycle regulator proteins and signaling targets with (I) relative quantification. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01, by Mann-Whitney test and two-sample t test. n = number of independent experiments. Error bars correspond to the measured standard deviation of the mean.