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. 2023 Apr 7;13:5714. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-33001-9

Table 1.

Basic parameters of the Aquatic Warbler Acrocephalus paludicola recordings (N = 40 birds).

Song variable Range x¯ ± SD
Duration of recordings per male (s) 49.6–1450.3 703.6 ± 281.65
Number of song phrases per male 25–648 235.4 ± 115.14
Number of whistle phrases per male 6–290 87.8 ± 52.65
Number of rattle phrases per male 19–340 142.2 ± 64.24
Number of rattle-whistle phrases per male 0–24 5.1 ± 6.61
Number of A-songs 1–118 44.4 ± 28.44
Number of B-songs 0–388 39.9 ± 61.09
Number of C-songs 3–50 22.7 ± 12.34
Song duty cycle (%)* 3.3–43.9 16.9 ± 7.21
Ratio of whistle to rattle number 0.21–1.13 0.61 ± 0.189
Ratio of whistle to rattle duration 0.31–1.19 0.73 ± 0.245
Mean whistle phrase duration (s) 0.35–0.86 0.52 ± 0.119
Mean rattle phrase duration (s) 0.29–0.73 0.44 ± 0.089
Mean rattle-whistle duration (s) 0.32–2.52 0.89 ± 0.349
Enumerated repertoire size of phrase types 11–158 87.5 ± 40.54
Phrase type switch rate** 0.52–1 0.89 ± 0.087
Category phrase switch rate** 0.33–0.86 0.59 ± 0.111

*Percentage of time spent singing in the total recording time.

**Switch rate is the number of switches from one phrase (category) type to a different one, divided by the total number of possible switches within a recording, which is equal to the number of phrases minus one. The switch rate may range from 0 to 1, where 1 means that a male switches to a different phrase or category type every phrase.