Table 3.
Patient- and surgical outcomes on all minimally invasive pancreatic resections
| Characteristics | Laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy N = 52 |
Robotic pancreatoduodenectomy N = 111 | P | Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy N = 123 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operation time, minutes, median [IQR] | 450 [411–518] | 361 [330–406] | < 0.001 | 251 [206–322] |
| Blood loss, ml, median [IQR] | 350 [250–500] | 200 [100–350] | < 0.001 | 200 [50–350] |
| Drain placement | 52 (100) | 111 (100) | 0.581 | 108 (87.8) |
| Pancreatic texture, soft, n (%) | 35 (67.3) | 70 (63.1) | 0.869 | 65 (52.8) |
| Duct size in mm, median [IQR] | 3 [2–4] | 3 [2–5] | 0.475 | 1 [1–2] |
| Vascular resection n (%) | 2 (3.8) | 3 (2.7) | 0.693 | 1 (0.8) |
| Multi-visceral resection, n (%) | 1 (1.9) | – | 0.143 | 23 (18.7) |
| Conversion, n (%) | 4 (7.7) | 3 (2.7) | 0.143 | 8 (6.5) |
| Complications | ||||
| Postoperative pancreatic fistula grade B/C | 17 (32.7) | 50 (45.0) | 0.135 | 44 (35.8) |
| Post-pancreatectomy hemorrhage grade B/C, n (%) | 7 (13.5) | 8 (7.2) | 0.198 | 6 (4.9) |
| Delayed gastric emptying grade B/C, n (%) | 15 (28.8) | 11 (9.9) | 0.009 | 6 (4.9) |
| Bile leakage grade B/C, n (%) | 7 (13.4) | 10 (9.0) | 0.386 | - |
| Clavien Dindo > 3a, n (%) | 22 (42.3) | 62 (55.9) | 0.085 | 36 (29.3) |
| Length of stay, days, median [IQR] | 12 [7–19] | 10 [7–21] | 0.463 | 5 [4–7] |
| R0 resection in case of malignancy, n (%) | 36 (94.7) | 62 (84.9) | 0.127 | 39 (69.6) |
| Reoperation, n (%) | 4 (7.7) | 14 (12.6) | 0.350 | 2 (1.6) |
| Readmission, n (%) | 6 (11.5) | 26 (23.4) | 0.075 | 31 (25.2) |
| In-hospital/30-day mortality, n (%) | 2 (3.8) | 3 (2.7) | 0.693 | 2 (1.6) |
| Adjuvant therapy in patients with cancer, n (%) | 11 (27.5) | 23 (20.7) | 0.949 | 19 (15.4) |
Bold values indicate statistical significance (p < 0.05)
Values in parentheses are percentages unless mentioned otherwise
IQR inter quartile range