Table 5.

Operative outcomes of all minimally invasive liver resections

Characteristics	Total MILS N = 309	Laparoscopic liver resection N = 198	Robotic liver resection N = 111	P
Operation time, minutes, median [IQR]	165 (120–247)	154 (102–270)	171 (132–242)	0.236
Blood loss, mL, median [IQR]	200 (50–400)	288 (100–700)	100 (48–200)	< 0.001
Conversion	11 (3.6)	7 (3.5)	4 (3.6)	0.975
Complications	61 (19.7)	49 (24.7)	12 (10.8)	0.003
Clavien Dindo > 3a	32 (10.4)	23 (11.6)	9 (8.1)	0.332
Length of stay, days, median, [IQR]	4 (2–5)	4 (3–6)	3 (2–4)	< 0.001
Reoperation within 30 days	9 (3.7)	7 (5.4)	2 (1.8)	0.091
Readmission within 30 days	8 (3.3)	6 (4.5)	2 (1.8)	0.241
R0 resection in case of malignancy, n (%)	198 (90.4)	127 (93.4)	71 (85.5)	0.056
In hospital/30-day mortality, n (%)	4 (1.3)	2 (1.0)	2 (1.8)	0.555

Bold values indicate statistical significance (p < 0.05)

Values in parentheses are percentages unless mentioned otherwise

IQR inter quartile range